ACADEMIC WRITING

LEVEL 1
SESSION 8
Lecturer: Nguyen Nhat Minh Chau, MA.
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 CONTENTS

01 Opinion paragraph
0 Writing concluding sentences
Transition signals and punctuation
2
0 Paraphrase- Synonyms
3
04 Revise Practice

05 Writing practice: recommendation

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 SESSION 7- REVIEW
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 Complex sentences with reason and
condition clauses
GRAMMAR
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 A reason A condition
clause clause
A dependent clause that A dependent clause that
explains why something states a condition for
happens subordinator something to happen.

The game was canceled If more people use public

because the field was so transport, the problem of
wet. traffic jams can be solved.
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Longman Academic Series 2, page 151-154

 REASON CLAUSES
Because/ since + S+ V
I couldn’t sleep last night because I had drunk too much coffee.
I couldn’t sleep last night since I had drunk too much coffee.

Because of/due to + noun/noun phrase/V-ing

I was late for the party because of the heavy rain .

I was late for the party due to the heavy rain.
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Longman Academic Series 2, page 151-154

 1. There are two reasons I love and hate traveling for work.
PRACTICE 2. When I work as a salesperson, I have to travel out of town a
week once a month.
I work as a salesperson, so I have to travel out of town a week
EXERCISE 2 once a month.
3. First of all, I love traveling for work because/since it allows me
to meet new people and go to new places.
4. For example, I am interested in history, so I try to set aside some
time to visit a local historical site and walk around the downtown
area.
5. Second, I feel energized and challenged when I am on my
monthly sales trip.
6. On the other hand, traveling for work can be difficult, so
sometimes I hate traveling for work.
7. The first reason is that I don’t sleep well in hotels.
8. I often watch TV late into the night because/since I can’t fall
asleep.
9. As a result, in the morning I’m very tired, so by the afternoon I
need a nap.
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 TRANSITION SIGNALS
IN OPINION
PARAGRAPH
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 STATE YOUR OWN OPINION
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Longman Academic Series 2, page 173

 GIVE INFORMATION FROM OUTSIDE SOURCE
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Longman Academic Series 2, page 173

 1
OPINION PARAGRAPH
WRITING CONCLUDING
SENTENCES
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 COMMON CONCLUSION SIGNALS

In brief, That is to say,

To sum up, For these two/three reasons,
Indeed,
In short,
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 Write a concluding sentence for
the following paragraphs.
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 Physical education

I believe that physical education should be mandatory

in school as it promotes healthy living. First of all,
physical education promotes healthy living by
increasing fitness levels. As you become fitter, your
strength and endurance improve. Secondly, physical
education leads to a healthier life because it
encourages students to think about making better
food choices such as increasing the fruits and
vegetables in their diet. Thirdly, physical education
promotes healthy living because exercise helps reduce
stress which makes it easier to do well at school.
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________________________________
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 Physical education

I believe that physical education should be mandatory

in school as it promotes healthy living. First of all,
physical education promotes healthy living by
increasing fitness levels. As you become fitter, your
strength and endurance improve. Secondly, physical
education leads to a healthier life because it
encourages students to think about making better
food choices such as increasing the fruits and
vegetables in their diet. Thirdly, physical education
promotes healthy living because exercise helps reduce
stress which makes it easier to do well at school. That
is to say, schools should make physical education a
requirement because it can really help students
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become stronger and healthier both physically and

mentally.
 APPLYING TECHNOLOGY IN CLASSROOM
I support the idea of advanced technology applied in
the classroom. Advanced technology helps students
and teachers in the teaching and learning process. In
the teaching process, the interactive screen helps a
teacher present lessons. With this interactive screen,
teachers can connect to the internet as well as the
students’ laptops. Therefore, the teacher can monitor
students’ learning progress. The teacher will know
whether or not the students have finished the quiz
given. In the learning process, advanced technology
will allow students to communicate with other people
outside the class to gather inputs for their projects.
With a webcam, students are able to ask and show
experts about their projects. Then, experts can
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directly fix the problems of the project.

_________________________________________________
_____________________________________________
 APPLYING TECHNOLOGY IN CLASSROOM
I support the idea of advanced technology applied in the
classroom. Advanced technology helps students and
teachers in the teaching and learning process. In the
teaching process, the interactive screen helps a teacher
present lessons. With this interactive screen, teachers can
connect to the internet as well as the students’ laptops.
Therefore, the teacher can monitor students’ learning
progress. The teacher will know whether or not the students
have finished the quiz given. In the learning process,
advanced technology will allow students to communicate
with other people outside the class to gather inputs for their
projects. With a webcam, students are able to ask and show
experts about their projects. Then, experts can directly fix the
problems of the project. For the reasons mentioned, I
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think it is a good idea to apply advanced technology in

the classroom because of the benefits it brings to both
teaching and learning.
 Driving and Cell Phones

Because cell phones and driving are a deadly mix, I am in favor of a ban on all cell
phone use by drivers. The most obvious reason for this ban is to save lives. Each year
thousands of drivers are killed or seriously injured because they are talking on cell
phones or texting instead of watching the road while they are driving. This first reason
should be enough to support a ban on cell phones when driving, but I have two other
reasons. My second reason is that these drivers cause accidents that kill other people.
Sometimes these drivers kill other drivers: sometimes they kill passengers or even
pedestrians. These drivers certainly do not have the right to endanger others' lives!
Finally, even in cases where there are no injuries or deaths, damage to cars from these
accidents costs us millions of dollars as well as countless hours of lost work..
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________
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 Driving and Cell Phones

Because cell phones and driving are a deadly mix, I am in favor of ab a n on all cell
phone use by drivers. The most obvious reason for this ban is to save lives. Each year
thousands of drivers are killed or seriously injured because they are talking on cell
phones or texting instead of watching the road while they are driving. This first reason
should be enough to support a ban on cell phones when driving, but I have two other
reasons. My second reason is that these drivers cause accidents that kill other people.
Sometimes these drivers kill other drivers: sometimes they kill passengers or even
pedestrians. These drivers certainly do not have the right to endanger others' lives!
Finally, even in cases where there are no injuries or deaths, damage to cars from these
accidents costs us millions of dollars as well as countless hours of lost work. For the
important reasons I have mentioned here, I support a complete ban on all cell
phone use by drivers.
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 2
REVIEW: TRANSITION SIGNALS
AND PUNCTUATION
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 , so

because/since
Because/since

, so
because/since

Therefore,
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 3
USING SYNONYMS TO
PARAPHRASE
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 SYNONYMS
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Pathways 1, RW, Page 97

 POSSIBLE ANSWER
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 4
REVISE PRACTICE
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Pathways 1, RW, Page 99

 5
WRITING PRACTICE:
RECOMMENDATION
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 Write a paragraph to suggest a good
restaurant in the city.
“I think ______is the best restaurant in Hanoi.”

You should write 120-150 words

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 MATCH THE WORDS TO MAKE COLLOCATIONS
A B
1. Relieve a. time
2. Chill b. working time
3. Heavy c. out
4. Stressful d. stress
5. Leisure e. workload
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THE END
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