Automation and Process

Control
( Logic Control System, Programmable Logic Controllers, Microcontrollers )

Presented by:
Millano, Dwight Christian
Espino, Stephen
Misagal, Abegail
Fullado, Christian
Perante, Edmar Lloyd
Hatton, Gerald Marsie Green
 Automation – involves the use of technology, such as, computers, sensors and
control systems to tasks and processes with minimal human intervention.

 Process Control - it refers to the methods and techniques used to monitor,

regulate and optimize industrial processes. It involves the measurement and
adjustment of variables within a process to maintain desired conditions and
achieve specific outcomes.

The benefits of automation and process control include improved productivity, increased
product quality, reduced waste, enhanced safety, and the ability to adapt changing
conditions.
1. Logic Control System – is a type of control system that uses logical operations
and decision-making to control and regulate a process. It typically involves the
use of relays, timers, and other basic components to implement control logic. In
a control logic system, the control actions are based on predefined conditions
and rules. It is often used in simple control applications where the process
requirements are straightforward and can be implemented using basic logic
functions.

Some examples of Logic control system are:

• Traffic Light Control System – it uses logic control to regulate the flow of traffic
in intersections. The system uses predefined logic rules to determine when to
switch the traffic lights from green to yellow to red and vice versa, ensuring
smooth and safe traffic flow.
• Elevator control system – employ logic control to manage the movement of
elevators in buildings. The control system uses logic-based decision-making to
determine which floor the elevator should go to based on user inputs and the
current status of elevator.

• Vending Machine Control System – is often utilize logic control systems to operate.
When a costumer selects a particular item, the control system uses logic to
determine whether the item is available, calculate the payment and dispense the
item accordingly.

2. Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) – is an industrial computer control system

that continuously monitors the state of input devices and makes decisions based upon
a custom program tp control the state of output devices. Almost any production line,
machine function, or process can be greatly enhanced using this type of control
system. However, the biggest benefit in using a PLC is the ability to change and
replicate the operation or peocess while collecting and communicating vital info.
PLCs offer advanced features such as digital and analog input/output (I/O) modules,
communication capabilities, and programming languages specifically tailored for
control applications. They provide a flexible and scalable solution for automation
and process control.
The first model PLC was invented by Dick Morley in 1969. And the first commercial
successful PLC was introduced in 1973 and was designed by Michael Greenberg.

 There are four basic steps in the operation of all PLCs; Input scan, Program scan,
Output scan and Housekeeping. These steps continually take place in a repeating
loop.

 Input scan – detects the state of all input that are connected to the PLC
 Program scan – executes the user created program logic
 Output scan – energizes or de-energize all output devices that are conncected to
PLC
 Housekeeping – this step includes communications with programming terminals,
internal diagnostics, etc. ...
3. Microcontrollers – are integrated circuits that contain a microprocessor core,
memory and input/output peripherals on a single chip. They are designed to
perform specific tasks and provide control functions in various applications.
Microcontrollers are commonly used in small-scale automation and control systems,
consumer electronics, embedded systems. They are programmable devices that can
be customized to meet specific requirements. Microcontrollers offer a cost-effective
and compact solution for automation and control applications where space and
power constraints are a consideration.

These are some popular examples of microcontroller:

• Arduino – Arduino boards are widely used in the maker community. They are easy to
program and have a large community of users and libraries.
• Raspberry Pi – the raspberry Pi is a popular single-board computer that can be used
for various projects. It has GPIO pins that can be used for interfacing with external
devices.
• STM32: The STM32 microcontroller series from STMicroelectronics is widely
usedin industrial and consumer applications. They offer a range of features and
performance options.
• ESP8266: The ESP8266 is a low-cost Wi-Fi controller that is commonly used in
internet of things (IoT) projects. It is known for its small size and built-in Wi-Fi
capabilities.
• PIC: The PIC microcontrollers series from microchip technology is widely used in
embedded systems. They are known for their low power consumption and
extensive range of peripherals.

These are just a few examples, and there are many more microcontrollers in the
market, each with its own features and capabilities.
THAT’S ALL, THANK
YOU!