Research Methods

Objective:
 Perform a guided experiment
Quick Recap
Chapter One
• Introduction/problem
statement
• Purpose of the study
• Research questions and
hypotheses
• Definition of terms
• Significance of the study
• Limitations, delimitations
Basic Research
1. Theory Driven
2. Discovery of knowledge

Applied Research
1. IMMEDIATE practical problem
2. ACTUAL problems in the field
3. Limited generalizability
Purpose of the Chapter 3
• Make your research transparent
• Make it possible to other researchers to
replicate your study
• Make it possible for other researchers to
judge the quality of your study

Did you remember?

Always keep your research questions in mind

Four questions are addressed

• Who participated in the study?
• Types of materials needed?
• What data were collected and how?
• How did you analyze the data?
Writing Chapter 3: Methods and
Procedures
Begin the chapter with a brief explanation of
what the chapter is all about. The common
introductory explanation is as follows:

Writing the Introductory Paragraph

This chapter presents the discussion on the research
methodology of the study, the subjects, sampling technique,
research instruments, procedure of data gathering, and
statistical treatment that will be used for accurate data
analysis and interpretation.
Research Methodology
This section specifies what method of
research will be used---descriptive, correlation,
experimental, or documentary analysis.

Subject/Respondents of the study

• A distinction should be made between
subjects and respondents of the study.
Subjects are persons investigated in the study.
When learning abilities of pre-school pupils are
being assessed in the study, the pre-school
pupils are the subjects.
The pupils’ teachers and mothers who will be
interviewed and asked to fill out a
questionnaire are the respondents of the
study. Respondents, therefore are providers of
information needed in the study, elicited orally
or in writing.

• It is important to state the number of

subjects or respondents and who they are.
Also, explain how the number will be decided
upon.
Materials and Methods
3.1 Research Method
3.2 Materials
3.3 Equipment/Apparatus and Utensils
3.4 Procedure
3.5 Evaluation of the products
3.6 Statistical Treatment
Source of Materials
Freshly harvested lemongrass were
obtained from Los Banos and Quezon (for trials
1, 2, and 3 and Purok 3 Brgy 3, San Francisco,
Agusan del Sur (for trials 4 to 8). The pectic
enzyme used in this study was provided by the
group of Dr. Espino of the National Institute of
Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Biotec),
University of the Philippines Los Banos College,
Laguna. The average pectinase transelimase
activity of the enzyme used in this study was
24.64 units per gram ammonium sulphate
precipitated pectinase.
Enzyme Treatment
Freshly harvested lemongrass were processed
immediately for extraction. The lemongrass were cut
into pieces and ground in the in an osterizer. The
samples were weighed and then the enzyme solution
was prepared by dissolving the enzyme in 0.2 M
acetate buffer, pH 4.0 at 1:6 sample: buffer dilution
ratio. The reaction mixture was incubated at 28 º C with
constant shaking for 12 hours.
A control consisting of the ground lemongrass
leaves and buffer was also prepared. The reaction flask
was sealed lightly to prevent any loss of essential oil.
After incubation, the reaction was stopped by
placing the mixture in a boiling waterbath for 10 mins to
inactivate the enzyme. Lastly, the reaction mixture was
cooled to room temperature before extraction.
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Activity

Actual results, data presentation,

and analysis
Directions: Perform the experiment and
identify what variable prevents the growth
of molds in bread.
To do this you need the following:
 Plastic bags/clear plastics or resalable
plastic bag
 slices of bread
 Water
 Various additives (sugar, vinegar, oil
and salt)
 Warm location
How to Set-up a Mold Growth Experiment
1. Start by preparing your supplies. You need one bag
per piece of bread.
2. Next add 2 tablespoon of the selected preservative in
each bread, a bread with water, one with vinegar, one
with oil, one with sugar and one with salt. For the sugar
and salt dissolve 2 teaspoons in 2 tablespoon of water.
3. Place each bread inside the plastic bag and label it.
4. Location is the key for this experiment to work. It has
to be warm.
5. Tape baggies of bread in your selected location, so
they will all have a similar exposure to the heat.
6. Watch daily and document any growth.
This experiment will take a week or 2 to observe the
growth of mold.
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Group
1

Larissa Tristan Sebastian Paisley

Group Leader Researcher Resource Summarizer
Larissa Collector