PERIODIC TABLE AND DO NOW: Answer in FULL sentences

ELEMENTS
1. In these boxes draw 2. Label A, B and C as
❶/⑦
particle diagrams for a mixture, pure element
solid, a liquid and a gas. and compound.
Monday 8 April 2024
A B C

LO: Explain what

is meant by
element and
atom. Use 3. What is an atom? 4. What is a compound?
particle diagrams
to classify An atom is… A compound contains…
substances.
Key words:

Extension: Look through the key words list:

highlight any that you do not yet know
PERIODIC TABLE AND DO NOW: Answer in FULL sentences
ELEMENTS
1. 2. A B C
❶/⑦
Solid Liquid Gas
Monday 8 April 2024
Pure Mixture Compound
LO: Explain what Element
is meant by
element and
atom. Use 3. An atom is the smallest 4. A compound contains
particle diagrams part of an element that can two or more different
to classify exist. elements joined by a
substances.
chemical bond.
Key words:

Extension: Look through the key words list:

highlight any that you do not yet know
 Key Point 1
All substances
are made of
atoms
 Key Point 2
Elements contain
only one type of
atom.
 Key Point 3
A molecule is two or more
atoms joined by a chemical
bond. They can be
elements or compounds.
 Key Point 4
Compounds contain two
or more different
elements joined by a
chemical bond
 Key Point 5
Mixtures contain two or
more different elements
or compounds that can be
separated into their
constituent (individual)
parts
Water (H2O)

Mixture

Element

Compound
Carbon dioxide (CO2)

Mixture

Element

Compound
Salt water (NaCl(aq))

Mixture

Element

Compound
Potassium (K)

Mixture

Element

Compound
Air

Mixture

Element

Compound
Carbon (C)

Mixture

Element

Compound
Soil

Mixture

Element

Compound
Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)

Mixture

Element

Compound
Learning
check:
1 2 3
Label each
of these
diagrams
as either
element, 4 5 6
compound
or mixture.

7 8 9
1 2 3

4 5 6

7 8 9
10-minute Task: complete the table

Element Compound Mixture

Dia
gra
m

Desc
riptio
n

Sea water
Exa Soil
mpl
es
10-minute Task: complete the table

Element Compound Mixture

Dia
gra
m

Elements contain only one Compounds contain two or Mixtures contain two or more
type of atom. Sometime the more different elements different elements or
Desc atoms are joined by a joined by a chemical bond. compounds that can be
riptio
n chemical bond to form a separated into their
molecule. constituent (individual) parts

Potassium Carbon dioxide Sea water

Exa Carbon Water Soil
mpl
es
Know it:
Copy and complete the sentences below:
The smallest part of an element that can exist is called an _____. All the
atoms of an element are the ____ . The atoms of one element are ____ to
the atoms of all the other elements. [3]
Grasp it:
A chemist melts a substance and passes electricity through it. The substance
breaks down to form two different substances – a brown liquid and a silver-
coloured solid. Explain why the substance that is melted cannot be an
element. [2]

Think it:
The mass of gold in a typical smartphone is 0.025g. Calculate the number
of phones you would need to obtain 1g of gold. The price of gold is
approximately £50 per gram. Calculate the number of phones that, when
recycled, contain £1000 worth of gold. [3]
Know it:
The smallest part of an element that can exist is called an atom. All the
atoms of an element are the same . The atoms of one element are
different to the atoms of all the other elements. [3]

Grasp it:
Elements cannot be broken down into other substances. Since the substance
breaks down when electricity passes through it, it cannot be an element. [2]

Think it:
40 phones (1/0.025)
800 phones (40 phones = 1g = £50)
PERIODIC TABLE AND DO NOW: Answer in FULL sentences
ELEMENTS
1. What is the difference 2. What is a molecule?
❷/⑦
between a mixture and a
compound? A molecule is…
Monday 8 April 2024

A mixture can be…

LO: Recognise and A compound is…
name compounds.

3. What two elements is 4. What do you call an

water made from? compound that contains
Key words:
oxygen?
Water is made from… A compound containing
oxygen is called an…

Extension: Look through the key words list:

highlight any that you do not yet know
PERIODIC TABLE AND DO NOW: Answer in FULL sentences
ELEMENTS
1. A mixture can be 2. A molecule is two or
❷/⑦ separated into its more atoms joined by a
individual elements or chemical bond. They can
Monday 8 April 2024 compounds. be elements or
A compound contains two compounds.
LO: Recognise and or more elements joined
name compounds. by a chemical bond.

3. Water is made from 4. A compound containing

oxygen and hydrogen oxygen is called an oxide.
joined by a chemical bond.
Key words:

Extension: Look through the key words list:

highlight any that you do not yet know
 Key Point
Compounds contain two
or more different
elements joined by a
chemical bond
Compounds made of metal and a non-metal
a. Compounds composed of a metal and a non-metal are called salts. Examples
are sodium chloride, lead iodide and magnesium oxide.
b. In these compounds, the name of the metal comes first. It is the same as the
name of the element.
c. In these compounds, the name of the metal comes first. It is the same as the
name of the element.

Element name Compound name

Oxygen Oxide
Chlorine Chloride
Bromine Bromide
Iodine Iodide
Sulfur Sulfide
Examples:

1. Iron and sulfur (FeS) = iron sulfide

2. Potassium and chlorine (KCl) = potassium chloride

3. Lead and iodine (PbI2) = lead iodide

4. Sodium and bromine (NaBr) =

5. Silver and chlorine (AgCl) =

6. Calcium and oxygen (CaO) =

Compounds containing oxygen
Some elements form more than one type of oxide. Common
examples are:

Molecule of compound made up of… Name of compound

1 carbon atom and 1 oxygen atom carbon monoxide
1 carbon atom and 2 oxygen atoms carbon dioxide
1 sulfur atom and 2 oxygen atoms sulfur dioxide
1 sulfur atom and 3 oxygen atoms sulfur trioxide
Examples:

1. CO = carbon monoxide

2. CO2 =

3. SO2 = sulfur dioxide

4. SO3 =
Compounds containing complex ions
Some elements group together to form complex ions. These have their
own special names. Common examples are:

Molecule containing… Name of compound

[OH]- Hydroxide
[NO3]- Nitrate
[SO4]2- Sulfate
[CO3]- Carbonate
Examples:

1. NaNO3 = sodium nitrate

2. CuSO4 = copper sulfate

3. KOH = potassium hydroxide

4. CaCO3 = calcium carbonate

5. NaOH =

6. FeSO4 =

7. MgSO4 =
10-Minute Independent Task
 Hydrogen 2
Iron and sulfur Hydrogen oxide - water Oxygen 1
Calcium 1
Hydrogen and chlorine Calcium oxide Oxygen 1
Magnesium 1
Hydrogen and bromine Magnesium chloride Chlorine 2
Calcium 1
Lithium and fluorine Calcium carbonate Carbon 1
Oxygen 3
Aluminium 2
Nitrogen and oxygen Aluminium oxide Oxygen 3
Silver 1
Hydrogen and fluorine Silver iodide Iodine 1
Potassium 1
Carbon and oxygen Potassium hydroxide Oxygen 1
Hydrogen 1

Sulfur and oxygen Hydrogen sulfate – Hydrogen 2

Sulfur 1
sulfuric acid Oxygen 4
Hydrogen 1
Carbon and hydrogen Hydrogen nitrate – Nitrogen 1
nitric acid Oxygen 3
Key Points

1. Each CAPITAL letter in the formula tells

you there is a new element.

2. A subscript number after an element

tells you how many of that particular
element there are.
 Formula choice

sulfur
The diagram on the right shows a atom
molecule made up of three atoms.

Which chemical formula should be

used to represent the molecule? oxygen oxygen
atom atom

A OSO

B SO2

C SO2

D S2O

41
Know It:
PERIODIC TABLE AND DO NOW: Answer in FULL sentences
ELEMENTS
1. What is the name of 2. Name the different
❹/⑦
this compound: MgSO4? elements are there in
MgSO4?
Monday 8 April 2024
This compound is…
The elements in MgSO4
LO: Identify
features of the are…
Periodic Table and
describe how it is 3. Where on the Periodic 4. What are the horizontal
organised.
Table can you find the non- rows on the Periodic Table
Key words:
metal elements? called?
The horizontal rows are
The non-metal elements called…
are…

Extension: Summarise the previous lesson in 100

words or fewer.
PERIODIC TABLE AND DO NOW: Answer in FULL sentences
ELEMENTS 1. What is the name of this 2. How many different elements
❹/⑦ compound: MgSO4? are there in MgSO4?

Monday 8 April 2024 This compound is The elements in MgSO4

magnesium sulfate. are magnesium, sulfur
LO: Identify and oxygen.
features of the
Periodic Table and
3. Where on the Periodic Table 4. What are the horizontal rows
describe how it is
can you find the non-metal on the Periodic Table called?
organised.
elements?
Key words: The horizontal rows are
The non-metal elements called periods.
are found on the right
hand side of the Periodic
Table.
Extension: Summarise the previous lesson in 100
words or fewer.
On your whiteboard, arrange the shapes into some sort of order
that you can explain to the rest of us:
 Number of Sides------->

1 3 4 5 6

Percentage shaded -------->

Use your periodic table to identify the elements used to make up
these words:
China – CHINa Banana – BaNaNa
Carbon, hydrogen, iodine, sodium Barium, sodium, sodium

Bonfire – BONFIRe
Boron, oxygen, nitrogen, fluorine,
iodine, rhenium
Pirate – PIRaTe
Phorphorus, iodine, radium,
tellurium

Phone - PHONe
Phosphorus, hydrogen, oxygen,
neon
Bacon – BaCON
Barium, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen

Virus – VIRuS
Vanadium, iodine, ruthenium, sulfur
 Key Point 1
Elements in the Periodic
Table are arranged by
atomic number. This is
the number of protons.
Diagnostic 3 Sequencing by atomic number

Four elements are shown on the Periodic Table outline below.

1 Which sequence shows the elements in order of atomic number?

A J, K, L, M

B J, L, K, M

C L, J, M, K
Response 3 Element pairs

The outline Periodic Table shows seven elements.

1 For each pair of elements, state which element has the higher atomic
number.

a Y and J d Z and K
b Y and K e Q and X
c X and Z f T and Q
 Key Point 2
Metals are on the left side of the
Periodic Table and non-metals are on
the right.

Vertical columns are groups

Horizontal rows
are periods

This line
separates metals
from non-metals
 Key Point 3
Horizontal rows are called
periods.

Vertical columns are groups

Horizontal rows
are periods
 Key Point 4
Vertical columns are
called groups.

Vertical columns are groups

 The History of the Periodic Table

1. Elements on the modern periodic table are put in order of their _________ ________.

2. The older “Early” periodic tables arranged elements in order of their ________ _______.

These periodic tables were _____________ as many elements had not yet been
______________.

This meant that elements were not grouped according to their _____________, and the
________ and __________ were mixed up.

3. Mendeleev improved the earlier periodic tables by ________ ________ for undiscovered
elements.

This allowed him to predict the _____________ of undiscovered elements.

When new elements were discovered, he placed them in the gaps and the predicted
properties were _______________.
This was __________ for his theory.
 The History of the Periodic Table

1. Elements on the modern periodic table are put in order of their atomic number.

2. The older “Early” periodic tables arranged elements in order of their atomic mass.
These periodic tables were incomplete as many elements had not yet been discovered.

This meant that elements were not grouped according to their properties, and the metals
and non-metals were mixed up.

3. Mendeleev improved the earlier periodic tables by leaving gaps for undiscovered
elements.

This allowed him to predict the properties of undiscovered elements.

When new elements were discovered, he placed them in the gaps and the predicted
properties were correct. This was proof for his theory.
Chemistry Chapter two - 6 Mark
Question
organise information clearly task
In this question you will be assessed on your ability to use good English,
and use the correct scientific words.

In the 1860s scientists were trying to organise elements.

Mendeleev’s table became accepted by other scientists whereas Newlands’ table
was not.
Evaluate Newlands’ and Mendeleev’s tables.
You should include:
• a comparison of the tables
• reasons why Mendeleev’s table was more acceptable.
Use Figure 2 and Figure 3 and your own knowledge.
In the 1860s scientists were trying to organise elements.
Mendeleev’s table became accepted by other scientists whereas Newlands’ table was not.
Evaluate Newlands’ and Mendeleev’s tables.
You should include:
• a comparison of the tables
• reasons why Mendeleev’s table was more acceptable.
Use Figure 2 and Figure 3 and your own knowledge.
Command Word
Analysing
Scientific Content
the Question
In this question you will be assessed on your ability to use good English,
organise information clearly and use the correct scientific words.

In the 1860s scientists were trying to organise elements.

Mendeleev’s table became accepted by other scientists whereas Newlands’ table
was not.
Evaluate Newlands’ and Mendeleev’s tables.
You should include:
• a comparison of the tables
• reasons why Mendeleev’s table was more acceptable.
Use Figure 2 and Figure 3 and your own knowledge.
 Additional Support
In this question you will be assessed on your ability to use good English, organise information clearly and use
the correct scientific words.

In the 1860s scientists were trying to organise elements.

Mendeleev’s table became accepted by other scientists whereas Newlands’ table was not.
Evaluate Newlands’ and Mendeleev’s tables.
You should include:
• a comparison of the tables
• reasons why Mendeleev’s table was more acceptable.
Use Figure 2 and Figure 3 and your own knowledge.

One similarity between the tables is ……..

One difference between the table is …….
Mendeleev’s table was better than Newlands’ because he ………. whereas Newlands ……..
Scientists accepted Mendeleev’s table because …….
Chemistry Chapter two - 6 Mark Question Marking Grid
Examples of Chemistry points made in the response
Comparative points
 both tables have more than one element in a box
 both have similar elements in the same column
 both are missing the noble gases
 both arranged elements in order of atomic weight
Advantages of Mendeleev / disadvantages of Newlands
 Newlands did not leave gaps for undiscovered elements
 Newlands had many more dissimilar elements in a column
 Mendeleev left gaps for undiscovered elements
 Mendeleev changed the order of some elements (e.g. Te and I)
Points which led to the acceptance of Mendeleev’s table
 Mendeleev predicted properties of missing elements
 Elements with properties predicted by Mendeleev were discovered
 Mendeleev’s predictions turned out to be correct
 Elements were discovered which fitted the gaps
 Answers
Level 3: A judgement, strongly linked and logically supported by a sufficient range
of correct reasons, is given.
Level 2: Some logically linked reasons are given. There may also be a simple
judgement.
Level 1: Relevant points are made. They are not logically linked.
No relevant content
Examples of Chemistry points made in the response
Comparative points
 both tables have more than one element in a box
 both have similar elements in the same column
 both are missing the noble gases
 both arranged elements in order of atomic weight
Advantages of Mendeleev / disadvantages of Newlands
 Newlands did not leave gaps for undiscovered elements
 Newlands had many more dissimilar elements in a column
 Mendeleev left gaps for undiscovered elements
 Mendeleev changed the order of some elements (e.g. Te and I)
Points which led to the acceptance of Mendeleev’s table
 Mendeleev predicted properties of missing elements
 Elements with properties predicted by Mendeleev were discovered
 Mendeleev’s predictions turned out to be correct
 Elements were discovered which fitted the gaps
Mark/6 WWW EBI ATL Sign + Date
In purple pen, now improve your answer using the mark scheme above to help
Got 6 out of 6? Complete this follow up question as your EBI:
Explain how the modern periodic table is organised
Mark Answers Mark
Level 3: A judgement, strongly linked and logically supported by a sufficient range
5-6 of correct reasons, is given. 5-6
Level 2: Some logically linked reasons are given. There may also be a simple
3-4 judgement. 3-4
1-2 Level 1: Relevant points are made. They are not logically linked. 1-2
0 No relevant content 0
Examples of Chemistry points made in the response
Comparative points
 both tables have more than one element in a box
 both have similar elements in the same column
 both are missing the noble gases
 both arranged elements in order of atomic weight
Advantages of Mendeleev / disadvantages of Newlands
 Newlands did not leave gaps for undiscovered elements
 Newlands had many more dissimilar elements in a column
 Mendeleev left gaps for undiscovered elements
 Mendeleev changed the order of some elements (e.g. Te and I)
Points which led to the acceptance of Mendeleev’s table
 Mendeleev predicted properties of missing elements
 Elements with properties predicted by Mendeleev were discovered
 Mendeleev’s predictions turned out to be correct
 Elements were discovered which fitted the gaps
Mark/6 WWW EBI ATL Sign + Date
In purple pen, now improve your answer using the mark scheme above to help
Got 6 out of 6? Complete this follow up question as your EBI:
Explain how the modern periodic table is organised
Level Task
Know it (a)Why did Newlands’ fellow scientists refuse to accept his law of
octaves? [1]
(b)Look at your Periodic Table. Name two elements apart from
argon and potassium that do not appear in order of their
relative atomic masses. [2]
Grasp it
Explain how Mendeleev persuaded scientists that his periodic table
was a useful tool for understanding the chemical elements. [3]

Think it Argon has a larger mass number than potassium. Explain why it
was a problem for Mendeleev when organising his periodic table
and how it was eventually solved. [5]
Level Task
Know it (a)Pattern broke down because of undiscovered
elements, so not all octaves had similar properties
[1].
(b) Tellurium (Te) [1] and iodine (I) [1]
Grasp it He left gaps [1] for undiscovered elements and
predicted their properties [1]. When elements were
discovered his predictions were remarkably accurate
[1]
At certain places pattern of similar elements recurring at regular
Think it intervals was broken until order of atomic weights reversed [1].
No good reason for reversing order so other scientists doubted validity
of periodic table [1].
Discovery of internal structure of atoms → chemists found atomic
number was important in ordering elements, not atomic mass [1]
Using number of protons in atoms to order elements worked perfectly
[1]
Anomalies explained by existence of isotopes with different numbers of
neutrons [1]
PERIODIC TABLE AND DO NOW: Answer in FULL sentences
ELEMENTS
1. In the periodic table, 2. In the periodic table,
❼/⑦
what is a horizontal row what is a vertical column
called? called?
Monday 8 April 2024

A horizontal row is called… A vertical column is called…

LO: Use data to
describe trends in
properties.
3. As you go down a group 4. What do elements in the
how does the melting point same group have in
change? common?
Key words:
Elements in a group have
As you go down a group, similar…
the melting point…

Extension: Summarise the previous lesson in 100

words or fewer.
PERIODIC TABLE AND DO NOW: Answer in FULL sentences
ELEMENTS 1. In the periodic table, what is a 2. In the periodic table, what is a
❼/⑦ horizontal row called? vertical column called?

Monday 8 April 2024 A horizontal row is A vertical column is

called a period. called a group
LO: Use data to
describe trends in
properties.
3. As you go down a group how 4. What do elements in the
does the melting point change? same group have in common?

Key words: As you go down a group, Elements in a group

the melting point the have similar chemical
melting point decreases. properties.

Extension: Summarise the previous lesson in 100

words or fewer.
 Property trends

Four elements are in the same vertical group of the gas

Periodic Table.
gas
The state of these elements at room temperature are
liquid
shown on the right.
solid

What trend down the group does this show?

A increasing melting point and boiling point

B decreasing melting point and boiling point

C increasing electrical conductivity

D no trend shown
 Property trends

The table below shows the atomic number, density and melting point
of elements in the same group of the Periodic Table. The elements are
not in order.
Describe the trend in density and melting point going down the group.
Atomic number 9 17 35 53
Density g/cm3 1.11 1.56 3.12 4.93
Melting point °C -220 -101 -7.2 114

A Density decreases and melting point increases.

B There is no clear trend.

C Density increases and melting point decreases.

D Density and melting point both increase.

 Property trends

Fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine are in the

same group of the Periodic Table. Look at the graphs
of density and boiling point.

Describe the trend in density and melting point

going down the group.
Property trends
Property trends
 Similar properties

Five elements are shown on the outline Periodic Table below.

Which pair of elements have similar chemical properties?

A Y and M

B Y and L

C J and Q
 Organising elements

Seven elements are shown

on the outline Periodic Table
on the right.
Fill in the gaps to
complete the passage
below.
You should only use the
words period and group
.
Elements 3 and 4 do not have similar chemical properties because they
are in the same ______ and not the same ______.

The atomic numbers 3, 9 and 15 increase by 6 each time. The elements

do not have the same chemical properties. The Periodic Table does not
put them in the same ________.

The atomic numbers 3, 11 and 19 increase by 8 each time. Each element

is in a different _________. These elements have similar chemical
properties. The Periodic Table puts them in the same ______.
 Observations(1/2)

Some students observe how four substances react with acid.

The gas from each test tube is collected and tested with a lit
splint.
Test tube 1 2 3 4
Lit splint Squeaky pop Squeaky pop Goes out Squeaky pop
 Observations (2/2)

Some students are discussing which substances have similar properties.

Devrim: 1 and 2 are

Sanjit: 3 and 4 are similar because they are
most similar. They the same shape.
both bubble
vigorously.
Joe: 2,3 and 4
have the most
Rob: 1,2 and 4 have similar chemical
similar chemical properties
properties because
they produce the
same gas.

Who do you agree

with and why?
 Grouping elements (1/2)

Look at the information about two sets of elements.

Set 1 Element X Element Y Element Z

Description yellow/green gas brown liquid grey/black solid
Reaction Reacts quickly with Reacts fast with Reacts slowly with
with iron heated iron wool. heated iron wool, if iron wool if heated
warmed. strongly.

Set 2 Element J Element K Element L

Description colourless gas colourless gas colourless gas
Reaction Reacts with iron Does not react with Does not react with
with iron wool when heated. iron wool, even when iron wool, even
heated. when heated.

1 Which set of elements shows similarities in chemical properties?

A Set 1

B Set 2
Periodic Table Activity Part 1

Arrange the cards so the elements

appear in the same place they do in
the periodic table.
 KEY POINT
Elements in the
same group have
similar chemical
properties
Periodic Table Activity Part 2
1a. The mass of atoms gradually increases across Period 2.
1b. Across the period the elements change from being solid (lithium to
carbon) to being a gas (nitrogen to neon).
1c. Carbon is a non-metal solid and nitrogen is a gas.

2a. Down the group the melting point decreases (gets smaller).
2b. The elements are all soft reactive metals.
2c. As you go down the group, the elements all react with water
forming hydrogen gas and an alkaline solution.

Extension
a. As you go down the group the reactivity with water and acid
increases: the elements react more vigorously.
b. As you go down Groups 2 and 3 the reactivity increases, so gallium
will react with oxygen without being heated and will react quickly
with acids.
Know it: Draw a bar chart to Think it: Draw a bar chart to display
display the data in the table: the data in this table. Then write a
sentence to describe the trend.

Grasp it: The tables give

density data. Draw two bar
charts to display the data. Use
your bar charts, and the
Periodic Table, to predict the
density of palladium.
PERIODIC TABLE AND DO NOW: Answer in FULL sentences
ELEMENTS
1. Why are elements put 2. As you go down a
❺/⑦
together in the same group how does the
group? boiling point of the
Monday 8 April 2024
elements change?
Elements are put in the
LO: Describe the same group because… Down a group the boiling
reactivity of
point…
Group 1 elements.
3. What are the Group 1 4. How does the reactivity
elements called? of the Group 1 elements
change as you go down the
Key words:
Element The Group 1 elements are group?
Compound called… As you go down the group
Atom
Pure the Group 1 elements
Mixture become…
Molecule
Extension: Summarise the previous lesson in 100
words or fewer.
PERIODIC TABLE AND DO NOW: Answer in FULL sentences
ELEMENTS
❺/⑦ 1. Why are elements put 2. As you go down a group how
together in the same group? does the boiling point of the
elements change?
Monday 8 April 2024
Elements are put in the
same group because they Down a group the boiling
LO: Describe the
reactivity of share similar chemical point decreases.
Group 1 elements. properties.
3. What are the Group 1 4. How does the reactivity of the
elements called? Group 1 elements change as you
go down the group?
Key words:
Element The Group 1 elements are As you go down the group
Compound
called the alkali metals. the Group 1 elements
Atom
Pure become more reactive.
Mixture
Molecule
Group 1 – THE
ALKALI METALS
How do Group 1
elements react
with water?
Use this table to record
your observations of the
demonstrations for each
type of Group 1 element
before, during, and after
its reaction with water.
 KEY POINT

Group 1 metals become

more reactive as you
go down the group
Johnstone’s Triangle

1. MACROSCOPIC: What can you see happening?

2. MICROSCOPIC: What 3. SYMBOLIC: What are the symbols to

are the particles doing? represent the equation?
 Macroscopic

Microscopic Symbolic
Know it Grasp it Think it
 Know it
From top to bottom of Group 1, boiling point decreases (1).
From top to bottom of Group 1, the vigour of the reaction with water increases (1).
From bottom to top of Group 1, melting point increases (1).
All Group 1 elements have low densities (1).
All Group 1 elements conduct electricity (1). All Group 1 elements react with water to
make hydrogen and an alkaline solution (1).
140
120
100
80
Grasp it 60 b Hardness decreases down Group 1. (2)
40
20
c 0.4, because hardness decreases by 0.1
0
Helium Neon Argon Krypton Xenon
for each element down Group 1. (2)

Think it
Very vigorous reaction, which is more violent than that of potassium with water. [1]
Rubidium is below potassium in Group 1. [1]
Bright flame [1], bubbles of hydrogen produced as for potassium. [1]
Products are hydrogen and rubidium hydroxide. [1]
The other elements in the group also react with water to make hydrogen and a solution of
a hydroxide. [1]
PERIODIC TABLE AND DO NOW: Answer in FULL sentences
ELEMENTS
❺/⑦ 1. What is the least 2. Write a word equation
reactive metal in Group for the reaction of
Monday 8 April 2024 1? sodium with water.

LO: Describe the

The least reactive metal is… Sodium + water
reactivity of
Group 0 elements.
3. What are the Group 0 4. How does the reactivity
elements called? of the Group 0 elements
Key words:
compare with Group 1?
Element The Group 0 elements are
Compound
Atom
called… Group 0 elements are…
Pure
Mixture
Molecule
Extension: Summarise the previous lesson in 100
words or fewer.
PERIODIC TABLE AND DO NOW: Answer in FULL sentences
ELEMENTS
1. What is the least reactive 2. Write a word equation for the
❺/⑦
metal in Group 1? reaction of sodium with water.

Monday 8 April 2024

The least reactive metal Sodium + water
is lithium. Sodium hydroxide + hydrogen
LO: Describe the
reactivity of
Group 0 elements.
3. What are the Group 0 4. How does the reactivity of the
elements called? Group 0 elements compare with
Group 1?
Key words: The Group 0 elements
Element
Compound are called the noble Group 0 elements are less
Atom gases. reactive than the Group 1
Pure
Mixture
elements.
Molecule
 What makes these tubes glow?
What do these things have in common?

GROUP 0 ELEMENTS – THE NOBLE GASES

Group 0 – THE
NOBLE GASES
Independent 10-minute Task
 140

1 The atomic mass of the noble gas elements increases 120

as you move down the group from helium to xenon. 100
Noble gases are generally non-reactive.
80

2 Students should have predicted a value greater than 60

40 and smaller than 131 and drawn a bar representing 40

this accordingly. The actual value is 84 u. Credit should
be given for predictions close to this value if it is clear 20

this value has been calculated logically. 0

Helium Neon Argon Krypton Xenon

Extension
3The mass would be greater. This would follow the trend seen in the earlier elements of
an increase in mass moving down through the group.
4It would be safe. Argon, along with all the noble gases, is unreactive and so will not react
with anything nearby. It would just diffuse and remain as argon particles.
5It is not completely accurate, but can give an approximate value. It is not completely
accurate as there is not a set increase in atomic mass between each element in the group.
6Neon is unreactive; there are no known reactions. Xenon is slightly more reactive because it is
bigger and hence it forms some compounds with fluorine, which is the most reactive non-metal.
KNOW IT GRASP IT THINK IT

1
KNOW IT
The noble gases are all in Group 0 of the Periodic Table. The
element at the top of the group is helium.
The noble gases are non-metals. They have very few reactions.
From bottom to top of the group, boiling point decreases. [5]

GRASP IT
Melting point increases down Group 0. Credit predictions for the
melting point of argon between –180 and –220 °C. (The melting
point of argon is –189.4 °C.) [2]

THINK IT
In Group 1 the boiling points increase from top to bottom of the
group. This is the same as for Group 0, in which the boiling points
also increase from top to bottom of the group. The highest boiling
point for a Group 1 element is greater than the highest boiling
point for a Group 0 element. [4]
PERIODIC TABLE AND DO NOW: Answer in FULL sentences
ELEMENTS
1. What are the Group 0 2. How do the melting
❻/⑦
gases know as? points of the Group 0
gases change down the
Monday 8 April 2024 The Group 0 gases are group?
called…
LO: Describe the The melting points…
reactivity of
Group 7 elements.
3. What are the Group 7 4. How does the reactivity
elements called? of the Group 7 elements
change down the group?
Key words: The Group 7 elements are
called… The Group 7 elements…

Extension: Summarise the previous lesson in 100

words or fewer.
PERIODIC TABLE AND DO NOW: Answer in FULL sentences
ELEMENTS 1. What are the Group 0 gases 2. How do the melting points of
❻/⑦ know as? the Group 0 gases change down
the group?
Monday 8 April 2024 The Group 0 gases are
called the noble gases. The melting points
LO: Describe the
increase (get bigger).
reactivity of
Group 7 elements.
3. What are the Group 7 4. How does the reactivity of the
elements called? Group 7 elements change down
the group?
Key words: The Group 7 elements are
called the halogens. The Group 7 elements
become less reactive down
the group.
Group 7 – THE
HALOGENS
 KEY POINT 1

Group 7 elements
become less reactive
as you go down the
group
 KEY POINT 2

A more reactive halogen will

displace a less reactive halogen
from a solution of its salt
chlorine + potassium bromide potassium chloride + bromine
Practical: Investigating Displacement Reactions

Aim: the aim of this experiment is to carry out displacement reactions to

determine the order of reactivity of the halogens.

Potassium Potassium Potassium iodide

chloride (KCl) bromide (KBr) (KI)

Chlorine water
(Cl2)

Bromine water
(Br2)

Iodine water (I2)

Conclusion:
 Halogen Displacement Reactions
❷ 3 drops ❸ 3 drops
potassium chloride ❑ potassium bromide
❑
❶ ❹ 3 drops
3 drops potassium iodide ❑
water ❑
3 3 3 3
❹ Observe colour
change ❑
3 3 3 3
❶ 3 drops chlorine
water
Record observation ❑ 3 3 3 3
3 3 3 3
❷3 drops bromine
water 3
3 3 3
Record observation ❑
❸ 3 drops iodine
3 3 3 3
water
Halogen Displacement Reactions Record observation ❑
Practical: Investigating Displacement Reactions

Aim: the aim of this experiment is to carry out displacement reactions to determine the order of
reactivity of the halogens.

Potassium Potassium Potassium iodide

chloride (KCl) bromide (KBr) (KI)

Chlorine water
(Cl2)

Bromine water
(Br2)

Iodine water (I2)

Conclusion:
Johnstone’s Triangle

1. MACROSCOPIC: What can you see happening?

2. MICROSCOPIC: What 3. SYMBOLIC: What are the symbols to

are the particles doing? represent the equation?
 Macroscopic

Microscopic Symbolic
KNOW IT GRASP IT THINK IT
 Know it
The Group 7 elements are also called the halogens. The melting and
boiling points increase from top to bottom of the group. The reactions
get less vigorous from the top to the bottom.

Grasp it
Reactions a, c, and d will happen. In each case the Group 7 element on
its own is more reactive/higher up in Group 7 than the Group 7 element
in the compound. A displacement reaction occurs.

Think it
The halogen is below chlorine in Group 7. If it were above chlorine, it
would displace chlorine from its compound, potassium chloride, so a
reaction would occur.
PERIODIC TABLE AND
ELEMENTS
❼/❼

Monday 8 April 2024

LO: Revision

Key words: