Instructor: Tesfaye Debela

(PhD)
Email: tesfdeb@yahoo.com
Ethiopian Civil Service University

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Introduction to Project
Management

Instructor: Tesfaye Debela (PhD)

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 Define project and project management;
 Differentiate among plan, programs and

projects;
 Identify the different classifications of

projects;
 Describe the stages of project life cycle.

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Reflection
◦What is a Project?
◦What features do projects have?

A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken

to create a unique product, service or result
(PMI, 2008)
A project is a series of activities aimed at
achieving specified objectives within a defined
time period and with a defined budget (EU,
2002)
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Project is a temporary endeavor involving a
connected sequence of activities and a range of
resources, which is designed to achieve a specific
and unique outcome, which operates within time,
scope, cost and quality constraints and which is
often used to introduce change (Lake, 1997).
 Purpose-the basic reason for the existence of a
project; Examples: to solve a problem, address a
need or take the advantage of opportunity.
 A project brings about a unique product or service
- something that has not existed in the
organization before.
 Projects are composed of interdependent and
Sequences of activities
 Projects are Temporary that have clear start and
finish time
 Scope- the extent of the problem or opportunity
that the project needs to address.

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 Projects are Organizations that requires team-work and is
vital to coordinate resources to achieve the project objectives
 Resources and Cost: projects consume human, financial and
material resources that can be converted into budgets
 Projects create quality deliverables to maximize the
satisfaction of users.
 A project is often used as an instrument for change - change
for the betterment of the society.
 projects have a life cycle with a number of distinct phases in
between
 A project involves risk and uncertainty

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 Reflection

What is the difference between a

project and operational/business?

How plans, programs and projects

are interrelated to each other?
Vision.pptx

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 Projects Vs Operations
Organizations perform two types of work: project work and
operational work

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 Projects and Plans

 Projects exist as components in broader

developmental plans, their identification,
formulation and implementation should be
linked to short, medium and long term
national development plans.
 Sound development plans require good

projects, just as good projects require

sound planning. The two are
interdependent.

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 A program is an assortment of
related/associated projects that are managed
together to achieve a number of objectives.
 Programs may also contain elements of

ongoing operations. Since programs comprise

multiple projects, they are larger in scope
than a single project.

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 Project Program
Narrow in scope Wide in scope; can comprise
many projects as components.
Differences

Specific and detail Comprehensive and general

More precise and accurate in Broader goal related to

its objectives and features sectoral policy

Possible to calculate the Difficult to calculate costs

costs and returns and returns

• Have purpose/ objectives

• Require input (financial, manpower, material)
Similarities

• Generate output (goods and/or services)

• Operate over space and time
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 Vision: Freeing the Ethiopian People from poverty
and seeing economically strong and prosperous
Ethiopian people
 Goal: Improving the living standard of the Ethiopian
People within ten years
 Strategy: Agricultural Development Led
Industrialization.
 Program: Resettlement /Villagisation Program
 Projects:
◦ Education projects (opening elementary and secondary
schools),
◦ Road construction project,
◦ Health projects such as establishing clinics and hospitals,
◦ Water and sanitation projects,
◦ Electricity, etc that are essential for a new village.

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 Projects range from mega international projects
costing millions of dollars over many years to small
domestic projects with a low budget taking few
months.

Projects can be classified

 Based on purpose of investment
 New projects:
 Expansion projects:
 Maintenance projects:
 Based on size of the project
 Small;
 Medium; and
 Large
 Based on time
 Long term
 Medium term
 Short term

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 Based on Types of Product
◦ Projects producing goods-oil
◦ Projects producing services-telecom
◦ Projects producing knowledge-Research
◦ Projects producing Information- IT, Media
 Based on Sector
◦ Agriculture, Industry, health, education,
water, Transport Projects etc
 Based on Technology
◦ Capital, labor and/or energy intensive
projects
 Based on Ownership
◦ Private projects
◦ Public projects

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 What is a public project?
◦ A public project is any project that is funded by a
government, and is meant to be owned or operated by
the government.
◦ government work to fulfill a public services such as road
repair and construction, public building construction,
schools, public parks, etc.
 Public sector projects are funded by taxpayers. Hence,
they are subject to more open procedures than private
projects.
◦ For example, a public project is offered to a contractor
based on procurement procedure ex. open bid .

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 What is project management?
 What is the difference between project Mgt and
general management?

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 What is project life cycle?
 What are the stages in the project life cycle?

 The Project Life Cycle:

◦ is the stages through which the project passes

from inception to its completion.
◦ Is a continuous process made up of separate and
complementary stages (phases) each with its own
characteristics and each setting a ground for the
next one.

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 European Commission /EC/
 Project Management

Institute /PMI/
 WB/UNEP/NEPAD

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The Project cycle /EC Model/

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The project cycle /PMI Model/

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 Identification

Evaluation Preparation

Proposal
development

Implementation Appraisal

Financing
decision

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Identification Potential projects emerge from specialists, local leaders and national
development strategies. Identification of potential stakeholders,
particularly primary stakeholders.
Carry out problem assessment and decide upon key objectives. Assess
alternative strategies for meeting objective.
Preparation The technical, institutional, economic, environmental, and financial issues
and analysis facing the project studied and addressed —including whether there are
alternative methods for achieving the same objectives.
Assessing feasibility whether to carry out more advanced planning.
Project plan developed which can be appraised.

Appraisal Critical review or independent appraisal of project plan.

Implementati The project plan is implemented over a specified time period.
on and Monitoring of project performance with a management information system
to enable correction of implementation problems as they arise.
monitoring

Evaluation On-going and final assessment of the success of the project against
original objectives, to learn lessons to help improve future projects. 26
 ProjectCycle Management refers
to a process oriented project
management system covering
the whole project cycle from
project inception to project
completion.

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