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A Seminar On Carbon Nanotube Speakers
A Seminar On Carbon Nanotube Speakers
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Nanocomposites
multiphase solid
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Types of nanocomposites
Ceramic matrix nanocomposites Metal matrix nanocomposites Polymer matrix nanocomposites Nanopolymers
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Carbon nanotubes
Allotropes of carbon with a cylindrical
nanostructure
Members of the fullerene structural family Chemical bonding composed of sp2 bonds Categorized as single walled nanotubes and
Bonds stronger than the sp3 bonds of The nanotubes are held together by van der
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forces
Single walled nanotubes- armchair, zigzag or Multi walled nanotubes-Russian doll model or Nanotorus-predicted to have high magnetic
150 GPa Bulk modulus 462-546 GPa which is the highest known
Kinetic-Concentric tubes can slide with
semiconducting depending on the rolling of the graphene sheet, current density can be a 1000 times higher than copper times that of copper but similar to that of soil in the radial direction
Atomic vacancies reduce tensile strength by The Stone Wales defect -rearrangement of
conductivity magnetism
crystallographic defects
Synthesis
Arc discharge- earliest method, 30% yield, few
defects
carbon containing gas react in the presence of a metal catalyst at an elevated temperature
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Applications
Current applications are limited to the use of
bulk nanotubes which are an unorganized mass tubes with different electrical properties
10nm in diameter and is put on two springs which also function as electrodes
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Theoretical model
A laser vibrometer failed to detect any
film could still generate sounds -impossible in case of a vibrating film since compression and rarefaction is impossible
Hence it was concluded that the alternating
current which periodically heated the film gave rise to a pressure oscillation in the surrounding air- a phenomenon known as the thermoacoustic effect 5/1/12
Similar phenomena had been reported in the late 19th century with the material as very thin metal foil but the sound produced was very weak. However it had been understood that the sound propagation was due to the periodic heating and cooling of the film. It was also postulated that the sound pressure level was directly proportional to the input power and frequency and inversely proportional to the HCPUA (Since less heat is transmitted to air more the heat capacity). These postulates are qualitatively true in the case of CNT speakers 5/1/12
This is because the earlier model does factor in the heat loss from the surface of the thin film due to conduction convection and radiation. The earlier model is sufficient to explain the experimental data in the case of metal foils but not in the case of CNT thin film speakers.
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Audio performance
One layer and four layer films were made for
testing
that of the applied voltage since the heat produced is the same in both the positive and negative phase of the voltage cycle- rectified by a transistor
Sound pressure level is directly proportional
Unique properties
Negligible weight, flexible and stretchable Thin film can be tailored to any shape and
Conclusion
There is no doubt that as the prices of carbon nanotubes fall exponentially this type of speaker will become commercially viable due to its outstanding attributes
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