Hust PPT Template 2022 Red 4x3

Structure of crystal
solids
GROUP 1
Member : Đức Hùng
Việt Hoàng
Quý Trường
Ngọc Lân
STRUCTURE OF
CRYSTAL SOLIDS
PART 1 : THE BODY-CENTERED
CUBIC ( BCC )
PART 2 : THE FACE-CENTERED
CUBIC ( FCC )
PART 3 : HEXAGONAL CLOSE-
PACKED (HCP)
PART 4 : IMPACT OF EACH
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE
PART 5 : CONCLUSION
3
Part 1 : The Body-
Centered Cubic
Presenters : Ngọc Lân
PART 1 : The Body-Centered Cubic ( BCC )
- BCC is one of the most common structures for metals

- The BCC crystal structure has 1 atom per lattice point at each
corner of the cube and the center of the cube.
- BCC has 2 atoms per unit cell.
5
- The BCC lattice has each atom touch along the body diagonal of
the cube.
- The face diagonal has a length of 4𝑟
- We can calculate the length of the lattice parameter a (cube edge) as
4/√3 𝑟
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- There are 2 atoms per unit cell.
- The BCC's atomic packing factor (APF) is :
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- Lithium, sodium, potassium, vanadium, chromium, iron, rubidium,
niobium, molybdenum, cesium, barium, europium, tantalum and
tungsten all have the BCC crystal structure.
- BCC metals tend to have a high melting point
8
- In a BCC crystal, each atom has 8 nearest neighbors (Max = 12 )
- There are 6 next-nearest neighbors, but these are only 15% farther
away than the nearest-neighbors. This allows BCC crystals to act
as though they have 14 bonds ( > Max = 12 )
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PART 1 : The Face-Centered Cubic ( BCC )
- BCC has two types of interstitial sites: octahedral and tetrahedral.
- BCC has 6 octahedral sites. These octahedral interstitial atoms can be
r=0.155R size.
- BCC also has 12 tetrahedral sites. These tetrahedral atoms can be
r=0.291R size.

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PART 1 : The Face-Centered Cubic ( BCC )
Here is a summary chart of all BCC crystal properties:
11
Part 2 : The Face-
Centered Cubic
Presenters : Việt Hoàng
PART 2 : The Face-Centered Cubic ( FCC )
- The most common crystal structure is Face-Centered Cube (FCC).

- FCC has a single atom at each lattice point on the cube’s corners
and faces
- FCC has 4 atoms per unit cell.
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- The FCC lattice is a cube with an atom on each corner and each
face
- The face diagonal has a length of 4𝑟
- We can calculate the length of the lattice parameter a (cube edge) as
2/√2 𝑟
14
- There are 4 atoms per unit cell.
- The FCC's atomic packing factor (APF) is :

15
- Aluminum, calcium, nickel, copper, strontium, rhodium, palladium,

silver, ytterbium, iridium, platinum, gold, lead, actinium, and
thorium all have an FCC structure
- FCC metals are usually very ductile and have no ductile-to-brittle
phase transformation
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- In a face-centered cubic crystal, each atom has 12 nearest neighbors (NN)
( Maximum ). Giving the crystal structure very high stability.
- FCC has 6 next-nearest neighbors, and 24 next-next nearest neighbors.
17
- FCC has two types of interstitial sites: octahedral and tetrahedral.
- FCC has 4 octahedral sites. These octahedral interstitial atoms can be r =
0.414 R size.
- FCC also has 8 tetrahedral sites. These tetrahedral atoms can be r = 0.225
R size.

18
Here is a summary chart of all FCC crystal properties:
19
Part 3 : Hexagonal Close-
Packed
Presenters : Quý Trường
PART 3 : Hexagonal Close-Packed (HCP)
- HCP is one of the most stable crystal structures.

- HCP has 1 atom per lattice point at each corner of the hexagonal
prism, and 3 inside the prism.
- HCP has 6 atoms per unit cell.
21
- The HCP cell is defined by two lattice constants a and c

- a is the distance between two touching atoms, a must be 2r.
- In a perfect HCP crystal,
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- The total volume of the unit cell is the area of one hexagon,
multiplied by the height of the prism.
- Using and . We can calculate :
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- The volume of a sphere is . We previously established that the area
of the whole cell is , so the APF of HCP is :
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- Titanium, cobalt, zinc, magnesium, beryli, heli are common

elements with HCP structure at standard pressure and temperature.
- HCP is common because of its high coordination number.
25
- The HCP crystal has the number of nearest-neighbors (NN): 12.
- Each of these NNs contributes a bond, giving the crystal structure very
high stability.
26
- HCP has 6 octahedral sites. These octahedral interstitial sites have a

radius of 0.414R, where r is the radius of the lattice atoms.
- HCP has 12 tetrahedral sites. These tetrahedral atoms can be 0.225R,
where r is the radius of the lattice atoms.
27
Here is a summary chart of all FCC crystal properties:
28
Part 4 : Impact of each
crystal structure
Presenters : Đức Hùng
PART 4 : Impact of each crystal structure
- The atomic packing coefficient of BCC material is 68%, lower than
FCC and HCP materials which is 74%, so the melting temperature
of BCC material is higher than FCC and HCP materials.
30
- One special thing is that there is a transition between FCC and BCC.
- Iron is BCC at room temperature but at higher temperatures it is FCC.
- If you heat steel up in the presence of carbon, the iron in the steel will
become FCC and more carbon will dissolve in the lattice.
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- Because FCC has 3 sliding directions and BCC only has 2, BCC is more
difficult to slide than FCC
- HCP has 3 sliding systems, while FCC and BCC have 12 sliding systems,
resulting in HCP metal tending to be less ductile than BCC metal and
FCC metal.
32
PART 5 : CONCLUSION
- FCC structural metal is the most ductile, second is BCC structural
metal, last is HCP structural metal.
- FCC and BCC structural metals are easily deformed (stamping,
rolling, bending...).
33
PART 5 : CONCLUSION
- HCP structural materials often have higher hardness, so
they are often used to create details that require good
durability.
34
THANK
YOU !
35

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Structure of crystal

- BCC is one of the most common structures for metals

all sever 2 mua thả giá

all sever 2 mua thả giá

- The most common crystal structure is Face-Centered Cube (FCC).

all sever 2 mua thả giá

- Aluminum, calcium, nickel, copper, strontium, rhodium, palladium,

all sever 2 mua thả giá

- HCP is one of the most stable crystal structures.

- The HCP cell is defined by two lattice constants a and c

- Titanium, cobalt, zinc, magnesium, beryli, heli are common

- HCP has 6 octahedral sites. These octahedral interstitial sites have a

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