University of Zululand

1DEV111: NGO Sector,

Development & Underdevelopment
Lecturer: DR MTHEMBU
 Welcome,
my awesome students!
LET'S WORK TOGETHER, DO OUR
BEST TO LEARN AS MUCH AS WE CAN,
AND RESPECT AND SUPPORT EACH
OTHER THROUGH ALL THE
CHALLENGES. LET'S DO THIS!
 INTRODUCTION TO
DEVELOPMENT CONCEPTS
Definitions, Theories and Contemporary
Perspectives
Students will be introduced to concepts like
development, underdevelopment, poverty, & Third
World countries.
Factors influencing underdevelopment, types &
forms of poverty, deprivation trap, and the
relationship between rural and urban poverty.
 TO UNDERSTAND THE MEANING OF
DEVELOPMENT:
Important to first distinguish between:
a. Development as a state or condition-static
b. Development as a process or course of change-
dynamic
MAJOR DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS
 ECONOMIC: Economic growth; Industrialization;
Definitions of Gross National Product or Gross Domestic Product
(GDP); Productivity; Income inequality between regions
Development and social classes; Purchasing Power Parity (PPP).
 SOCIAL: Physical Quality of Life Index; Human
Development Index; Human Nutrition; Size of
population; Rate of population growth; Malnutrition
(underweight) – lack of proper nutrition.
 CULTURAL & POLITICAL: Status of women;
Governance/Government; Political stability;
Ethnic/cultural variety.
 DEVELOPMENT BY TODARO
 Development is not purely an economic
phenomenon but rather a multi-
dimensional process involving major
changes in social structures, popular
attitudes, and national institutions, as well
as the acceleration (speeding up) of
economic growth, the reduction of
inequality, and the eradication of poverty.
Definitions of
Development  Reorganization & reorientation of the
entire economic AND social system.
Cont…
 Development is the process of improving
the quality of all human lives with three
equally important aspects. These are:
 Todaro’s Three core values of
Development
[sustenance, self-esteem, freedom]
1. Sustenance: The ability 2. Self-Esteem: To 3. Freedom from
to meet basic needs Be a Person Servitude: To Be Able to
Choose
Raising peoples’ living Creating conditions Increasing peoples’
levels, i.e., incomes and conducive to the growth of freedom to choose by
consumption, levels of peoples’ self-esteem enlarging the range of their
food, medical services, through the establishment of choice variables, e.g.,
education through relevant social, political & economic varieties of goods and
growth processes. systems & institutions that services.
promote human dignity and
Absent: absolute respect.
underdevelopment exists.
 THREE OBJECTIVES OF DEVELOPMENT

1. To increase the availability and widen the distribution of basic life-sustaining goods such
as food, shelter, health, and protection.
2. To raise levels of living, including, in addition to higher incomes, the provision of more
jobs, better education, and greater attention to cultural and human values, all of which will
serve not only to enhance material wellbeing but also to generate greater individual and
national self-esteem.
3. To expand the range of economic and social choices available to individuals and nations
by freeing them from servitude and dependence, not only in relation to other people and
nation-states but also to the forces of ignorance and human misery
Any Questions, Comments, or
concerns???
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 Individual Work

TASK KNOWLEDGE READ! READ!

DOWNLOAD ALL TEST READ!
Students must make
THE PRESCRIBED There will be quizzes advanced preparation
& weekly to assess your before they attend
RECOMMENDED understanding of the lectures…!!!
READINGS lesson for the week.
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LECTUR
The following content will be covered:
E
Alternative Interpretations of
Development (Mabogunje);
Marxist View of Development;
Neocolonial Dependence Model;
Sustainable Development
Theories of Development
 Tell me and I forget, teach me
and I may remember, involve
me and I learn.
- Benjamin Franklin

MAY WE HAVE FUN AND PRODUCTIVE

LEARNING SESSIONS AHEAD.
 Feel free to get in touch
Contact Lecturer Mthembu for any questions or
clarifications

EMAIL ADDRESS MOBILE NUMBER CONSULTATION HOURS

MthembuZI@unizulu.ac.za 035-902-6076 Check the study guide

and make an appointment