MAN AND

SOCIETY
What is society?
Society
It refers to a large,
independent, and organized
group of people living in the
same territory.

We consider also
sharing a common
culture and heritage.
 People within
society
Impart knowledge Impart skills Impart behaviors

Through various
everyday interactions

written both unwritten

Forms of society that evolved in various characteristics

Hunting-and-gathering
societies
Agricultural
societies

Industrial
societies

Modern societies
 Hunting-and-gathering
societies

The simplest and earliest

societies that adopt a lifestyle
dependent on resources on
nature.

Gathering societies
include nomadic
tribes found in remote
locations throughout
the world.
Agricultural societies

Engaged in primarily
in agricultural
activities such as
farming, fishing, and
livestock-raising as a
primary way of life.
 Industrial societies

Centered on
mechanized
production and
the exchange of
goods and
services.
Modern societies
Technologically-advanced
societies characterized by
industry, mass production,
and advanced
communication and
transportation.

It established virtual
societies that are not
confined by territory.
Philosophy that studies society

Social Philosophy

It is a philosophical concepts
in a social context and looks
into how social interactions
shape people’s

perception ideas
experience values
Philosophy that studies society
o g y
to l
l o n
Social Philosophy So cia So
cia
l eth
i cs
Topics related to social justice
philosophy include

r i g h ts y
Hu man ra
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 How is society
formed?
Humans are considered to have a
natural tendency to cooperate
and organize.

The natural outcome of

this human tendency is
to socialize.
Three Social Theorists
who tackled the origins
Natural
of human society In order to State-
fully removed
Thomas understand from
Hobbes the true modernity
character of and
society civilization
John They
Locke imagined
humans as
living in a
so-called
Jean Jacques “natural
Rousseau state”
Thomas Hobbes

He believes that individuals who establish

societies enter into a “social contract”

Social Contract- an agreement

where individuals sacrifice
some of their rights and submit
to a higher authority.
John Locke
He proposed his own ideas on the social contract with a different
assumption.

He considered man as more

cooperative and reasonable, and
that society is formed through
the consent of the individuals.

A concept known
as the consent of
the governed
Jean Jacques Rousseau
Jacques’ ideas on social contract advocates
the concept of the “general will”

The general will comes from the

sovereign citizens and they entrust
their will to the government.

People empowered the

government and were
considered to be the best judge
of society. Even the people are the ones who
organize and established authority.
In extreme cases, the government
can impose its will on the people.
 RECENT VIEWS OF SOCIAL
CONTRACT
John He redefines the social contract and explained that human
Rawls beings approach social cooperation in a rational manner in
order to meet their individual self-interests.

He imagined humans as having a

“veil of ignorance” or no knowledge
of one’s own characteristics

Like gender, race, or social status

Humans naturally seek a just and fair

society in an effort to look out for their
own interests.
 RECENT VIEWS OF SOCIAL
CONTRACT
David
Gauthier
He described man’s self-interest as
a significant factor in building and
maintaining societies.

This selfish interest benefits society

as a whole since the actions of
individuals also benefit the other
members of society.
 HOW DOES SOCIETY INFLUENCE
THE PERSON?
Society has a significant influence in almost all aspects of an individual’s life

Becoming part of a group can often result

in significant changes in the prevailing
behavior of an individual.

Through socialization,
the individual learns
the prevailing behaviors,
attitudes, and values
within his or her society.
 HOW DOES SOCIETY INFLUENCE
THE PERSON?

Various social institutions such as the family,

community, school, government, church, and
even social media are agents of socialization.

Socialization is a continuing process that

permeates through almost all aspects
of human interaction.

Though individuals retain their own unique

traits, society directly and indirectly influences
the person’s views and behavior.
 HOW DOES SOCIETY INFLUENCE
THE PERSON?

The influence of society in behavior, and human

interaction was the focus of a classic psychological
experiment known as the
Stanford Prison Experiment.

In the experiment,
individuals were assigned
certain and were expected
to behave in accordance
with these roles.
 HOW DOES SOCIETY INFLUENCE
THE PERSON?

Each of them has social roles and social groups. People

who belong in this tend to behave a certain way.

The continuous interactions within their groups

reinforce such behavior.
 HOW DOES SOCIETY INFLUENCE
THE PERSON?
Cultural influences in society also
affect individual behavior

Example:
Western and Eastern Culture

Western Culture is
more in individualistic
type while Eastern is
collectivistic.
HOW DOES OUR OWN SOCIETY DEFINE OUR
IDENTITY AS FILIPINOS?
Filipino society has a set of
social values that govern our
everyday interactions

Relationships among the

family members are very close,
and this applies to the
members of the extended
family.
HOW DOES OUR OWN SOCIETY DEFINE OUR
IDENTITY AS FILIPINOS?
Anthropologists and
sociologists identify several
traditions that contribute to
harmonious relationships

Within Filipino society we have

pakikisama, pakikipagkapwa-tao,
utang na loob, damayan, and
bayanihan.
HOW DOES OUR OWN SOCIETY DEFINE OUR
IDENTITY AS FILIPINOS?

Filipino society is deeply religious.

Filipino ethics and morality, which are
considered to be family-centered and
conservative.

Changes and developments increased

due to interaction with foreign nations.

Views in marriage, relationships, and

the role of women in society have
changed due to influx of Western ideas.