Numerical on SVI

Sludge Volume Index (SVI) Numerical on SVI

Sludge Volume Index, also known as SVI, describes how well the sludge from the aeration
tank settles and compacts. In order to calculate sludge volume index ( SVI ), you will need
two numbers. The first number comes from a 30-minute settleability test, where 1 liter of
the mixed liquor sample from the aeration tank is poured into a container called a
settleometer. The sludge is allowed to settle for 30 minutes, and the volume of the settled
sludge is measured in mL/L.
The other number used in the sludge volume index ( SVI ) calculation comes from a MLSS
test. It simply determines the suspended solids concentration of the sample from the
aeration tank, in mg/L.
Sludge volume index ( SVI ) is calculated by dividing the settleability by the MLSS
concentration. The SVI is always expressed in mL/g.
Sludge density index (SDI)
A calculation used to indicate the settleability of sludge in a
secondary clarifier or effluent that is related to the calculation for
sludge volume index (SVI). The weight in grams of 100 milliliters of
sludge after settling for 30 minutes.
SDI = 100/SVI Or
SDI= (g/l of MLSS)/ (ml settled in 30 min/100)
Numerical on SVI
(1) The MLSS concentration in aeration tank is 2500 ml / l and the sludge volume
after 30 min of settling in a 1000 ml graduated cylinder is 215 ml. Calculate (i)
Sludge volume index (ii) Sludge density index (iii) SS concentration in recirculated
sludge.
 Numerical on SVI
(2) An aeration tank is operating with MLSS concentration of 1800 mg / l. After
settling for 30 min in 1 litre cylinder the sludge occupies a volume of 450 ml. What is
the SVI of the sludge? What would you expect for the sludge to settle satisfactorily in
the secondary clarifier?
Numerical on BOD
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
Briefly, the BOD test employs a bacterial seed to catalyze the oxidation of 300 mL of full-strength or diluted
wastewater. The strength of the un-diluted wastewater is then determined from the dilution factor and the
difference between the initial D.O. and the final D.O.
BODt  DOi  DOf

BODt = (DOi – DOf) *D

Where BOD
BODt = biochemical oxygen demand at t days, [mg/L] Bottle
DOi = initial dissolved oxygen in the sample bottle, [mg/L]
DOf = final dissolved oxygen in the sample bottle, [mg/L]
D = Dilution Factor

D = Vb/Vs
Vb = sample bottle volume, usually 300 mL
Vs = sample volume, [mL]
Method for the measuring of BOD

BODt = UBOD (1-e-kt)

BODt = BOD after t days (mg/l)

UBOD = Ultimate BOD (mg/l)
k = BOD rate constant at particular temperature (day -1)
t = Time in days
Problem 1

Determine the 5‐day BOD for a 15 ml sample that is diluted with dilution water to
a total volume of 300 ml when the initial DO concentration is 8 mg/l and after 5
days, has been reduced to 2 mg/l.

BOD5 = (Initial DO – Final DO) * dilution factor

BOD5 = (8 – 2) * (300/15)

BOD5 = 120 mg/l

 Problem 2

A sample of wastewater has an ultimate BOD of 280mg/l and a 5‐day BOD of

240mg/l. Calculate 10‐day BOD of this sample.

BODt = UBOD (1-e-kt)

BOD5 = UBOD (1-e-k (5))

240 = 280 (1-e-k (5))
k = 0.39 day-1
BOD10 = 280 (1-e-0.39 (10))

BOD10 = 274 mg/l

Problem 3
A wastewater stream has a BOD of 4000 mg/l. Calculate the flowrate
of BOD (in kg/h) if the wastewater has a flowrate of 5000 m 3/h.
Assume, if necessary, the density of wastewater as 1.05 gm/cm 3

Solution:
BOD Flowrate in kg/h = (5000 m3/h) x (4000 mg/l) x
(1 kg/106 mg)x(103 l /1 m3) = 20,000 kg/h
Problem 4
The BOD5 of the wastewater is detemined to be 150 mg/l at 20 ℃. The k value is known to be 0.23 per day.
What would be BOD8 if the test were run at 15 ℃?
b) Correct the k value for 150C
Numerical on COD
Problem1 The waste water of the industry is polluted with organic
matter. The COD was estimated by diluting sample 100 times.
Calculated COD by using following data:
The 0.1 N ferrous ammonium sulfate consumed is
(i) 5ml for blank sample
(ii) 3.5ml for test sample
(iii) 10ml sample was used for estimation
Solution: The formula of COD is

COD = (Blank-Test)*0.1*8*1000*100
Volume of sample

COD(mg/l)= (5-3.5)*0.1*8*1000*100
10

COD = 12000mg/l
Problem 2 Estimate the COD of 10ml sewage water by using following
data:
(i) ferrous ammonium sulfate(0.1N) consumed for blank=4.5ml
(ii) The 50 times dilute sample test consumed FAS = 2.8ml

Calculate COD of Sewage water.

Solution: The formula of COD is

COD = (Blank-Test)*0.1*8*1000*50
Volume of sample

COD(mg/l)= (4.5-2.8)*0.1*8*1000*50
10

COD = 6800mg/l