PRESENTATION OF

MICROPROCESSOR
1. Common Hardware Instruction
2. Micro Instruction Format
3. Design Of Control Unit
Control unit generates timing and control signals for
the operations of the computer.
The control unit communicates with ALU and main
memory.
It also controls the transmission between processor,
memory and the various peripherals.
It also instructs the ALU which operation has to be
performed on data.
It can be designed in two
ways:
1. Hardwired Control Unit
2. Microprogrammed Control
Unit
1.Hardwired Control Unit
It is implemented with the help of gates, flip
flops, decoders etc. in the hardware. The
inputs to control unit are the instruction
register, flags, timing signals etc. This
organization can be very complicated if we
have to make the control unit large.
If the design has to be modified or changed, all the combinational
circuits have to be modified which is a very difficult task.

Fig. circuit Diagram of Hardwired control unit

2. Microprogrammed Control Unit
It is implemented by using programming approach.
A sequence of micro operations is carried out by
executing a program consisting of micro-instructions.
In this organization any modifications or changes can be
done by updating the micro program in the control
memory by the programmer.
 THE MICROINSTRUCTION FORMAT IS COMPOSED OF 20 BITS WITH
FOUR PARTS TO IT
 THREE FIELDS F1, F2, AND F3 SPECIFY MICROOPERATIONS FOR
THE COMPUTER [3 BITS EACH]
 THE CD FIELD SELECTS STATUS BIT CONDITIONS [2 BITS]
 THE BR FIELD SPECIFIES THE TYPE OF BRANCH TO BE USED [2
BITS]
 THE AD FIELD CONTAINS A BRANCH ADDRESS [7 BITS]
 EACH OF THE THREE MICROOPERATION FIELDS CAN SPECIFY ONE
OF SEVEN POSSIBILIT
  Each of the three microoperation fields can specify one of seven possibilities.
 No more than three microoperations can be chosen for a microinstruction.
 If fewer than three are needed, the code 000 = NOP.
 The three bits in each field are encoded to specify seven distinct microoperations

 Five letters to specify a transfer-type microoperation

 First two designate the source register
 Third is a ‘T’
 Last two designate the destination register
AC ← DR F1 = 100 = DRTAC
  The condition field (CD) is two bits to specify four status bit conditions shown below

 The branch field (BR) consists of two bits and is used with the address field to choose the address of the
next microinstruction.
THANK YOU