NATIONAL SPORTS UNIVERSITY

TOPIC : DOPING

SUBMITTED BY : SHASHIBHAN TIWARI

 DOPNIG
Introduction
Drugs are life-saving as well as life-
threatening chemicals. They are used by
sportspersons for different purposes.
Performance enhancing drugs are banned in
sports. The reasons for the ban are mainly,
the health risks of performance-enhancing
drugs.
Anti-doping authorities state that using
performance-enhancing drugs goes against
the spirit of sports.
 MEANING OF DOPING
Doping is the use of prohibited substance or methods to
improve sports performance. It can also be defined as use of
drugs or sports performance. Doping methods or substances
might harm the health of athletes and might be fatal(causing
death).

Types of Doping (Classification)

(i) Performance enhancing substance:
•Stimulants
•Anabolic Steroids
•Peptide hormones
•Beta-2 Agonist
•Narcotics
•Diuretics
•Cannabinoids.
(ii) Physical methods.
•Blood doping and Gene doping comes under physical method.

Blood doping: It is the process of increasing the Red blood cells by

blood transfusion. Blood doping increases hemoglobin allows higher
amount of to fuel an athlete’s muscles. This can improve stamina and
performance, particularly in long distance events.

Gene doping: It is the non-therapeutic use of cells, genes, genetic

elements or of the modulation of gene expression, having the capacity to
improve athletic performance.
 ANTI-DOPING IN PARA
ATHLETICS
Promoting and protecting the integrity of sport and the
health of Para athletes is a top priority for World Para
Athletics.
Anyone found responsible for using or providing doping
products will be held accountable from their actions.
To try and ensure a level playing field for all athletes in the
sport, World Para Athletics is bound by and complies fully
with the IPC Anti-Doping Code.
AIM
The aims of the IPC Anti-Doping Code, which is fully
compliant with the World Anti-Doping Code, are:
• To protect the athlete’s right to participate in
doping free sport and thus promote health, fairness
and equality for athletes worldwide.
• To ensure harmonised, coordinated and effective
anti-doping programmes on the international and
national level with regards to detection, deterrence
and prevention of doping.
The first positive results came in the 1992 Barcelona Games with five
athletes found to have used banned substances. The 2000 Sydney Games
saw fourteen athletes return a positive test, ten of which were in the
powerlifting competition.

The Sydney 2000 Doping Control Program had the responsibility of

ensuring that the games met the International Paralympic Medical and
Anti-Doping Code and, for the first time in the sport, out-of-competition
(OOC) testing was introduced. This meant that the testing window was
much wider, with any competitor being called for a test at any point
throughout the Games.
Nine powerlifters returned positive results before the competition and
were promptly ejected. One further powerlifter and an athlete gave positive
results after winning medals.
 In the Salt Lake City Winter Paralympics in 2002 German cross country
skier Thomas Oelsner gave a positive result after winning two gold
medals. He was suspended for two years from all IPC events.

 Another form of doping is "boosting", used by athletes with a

spinal cord injury to induce autonomic dysreflexia and increase blood
pressure. This was banned by the IPC in 1994 but is still an ongoing
problem in the sport.

 The IPC fully supports the World Anti-Doping Agency's (WADA) view
that the longterm solution to preventing doping is through effective
values-based education programmes that can foster anti-doping
behaviors and create a strong anti-doping culture.
THANKYOU