BRIGHT FUTURE INTERNATIONAL

SCHOOL-DOHA
Class IX
Subject MATHEMATICS
Unit 11
Topic Trigonometry
Academic Year 2023 – 2024
Teacher Mr.Irfan Khan
 SCHOOL VISION

BFIS envisages to provide accessible, affordable and

progressive educational environment that nurtures
passion for learning desire for advancement and sense of
responsibility towards society.
 SCHOOL MISSION

BFIS aims to develop knowledge, character and

interpersonal skills among the students, and transform
them into self-motivated ethical citizens, who contribute
positively and effectively towards shaping morally and
culturally progressing societies
Trigonometry
 The longest side in a right-angled triangle
is called the hypotenuse (hyp).

The side opposite

the angle
is called the
opposite (opp).
xo

The side next to the angle is

called the adjacent (adj).
 hypotenuse
opposite

xo
adjacent

opposite adjacent opposite

sin x  cos x  tan x 
hypotenuse hypotenuse adjacent

A useful memory aid for remembering these three ratios is:

SOHCAHTOA
Finding the length of a side
Example
1 Find the value of x.

x opp

24o
6 cm
adj
opp
tan 24o  replace opp by x and adj by 6
adj
x
tan 24o  multiply both sides by 6
6

x  6  tan 24o

x  2.67 cm (to 3 s.f.)

Example
2 Find the value of x. 73o
hyp
8 cm x adj

adj
cos73o  replace adj by x and hyp by 8
hyp
x
cos73o  multiply both sides by 8
8

x  8  cos73o

x  2.34 cm (to 3 s.f.)

Example
3 Find the value of x.
hyp
opp x 5 cm

40o

opp
sin 40o  replace opp by x and hyp by 5
hyp
x
sin 40o  multiply both sides by 5
5

x  5  sin 40o

x  3.21 cm (to 3 s.f.)

Example
4 Find the value of x.
15 cm
x adj
hyp
65o

adj
cos 65o  replace adj by 15 and hyp by x
hyp
15
cos 65o  multiply both sides by x
x

x  cos 65o  15 divide both sides by cos 65o

15
x
cos 65o

x  35.5 cm (to 3 s.f.)

Finding an angle
Example
1 Find the value of x.
opp hyp
5 cm 9 cm

xo

opp
sin x  replace opp by 5 and hyp by 9
hyp
5
sin x  to find x use the sin-1 button on your calculator
9
5
x  sin1  
9

x  33.7o (to 3 s.f.)

Example
2 Find the value of x. xo
hyp
8 cm 5 cm
adj

adj
cos x  replace adj by 5 and hyp by 8
hyp
5
cos x  to find x use the cos-1 button on your calculator
8
5
x  cos1  
8

x  51.3o (to 3 s.f.)

Example
3 Find the value of x.

3 cm
opp
xo
6 cm
adj
opp
tan x  replace opp by 3 and adj by 6
adj
3
tan x  to find x use the tan-1 button on your calculator
6
3
x  tan1  
6

x  26.6o (to 3 s.f.)

ANGLES OF ELEVATION
AND DEPRESSION
Angle of elevation of the top of the flag from the point P

ANGLE OF
ELEVATION

P
When you look up from the horizontal the angle you turn
through is called the angle of elevation.
From a point A, on horizontal ground, the angle of elevation of a hot air
balloon is 12o.
The balloon is vertically above the point B, which is 1000 m from A.
Calculate the height of the balloon above the ground.

opp
tan12o 
adj
h
tan12o 
1000

h  1000  tan12o

h  213 m
h

12o

A 1000 m B
 ANGLE OF
DEPRESSION
When you look down from the horizontal the angle you
turn through is called the angle of depression.
A yacht is 28 m from the base of a lighthouse.
From the top of the lighthouse, the angle of depression of the yacht is 49 o.
Calculate the height of the lighthouse.
28 m

49o

opp h
tan 49o 
adj
h
tan 49o 
28
h  28  tan 49o
h  32.2 m