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Module 1 - Qualitative Analysis
Module 1 - Qualitative Analysis
INTRODUCTORY CHEMISTRY II
MODULE 1
INSTRUCTOR 1
BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO
CHM 102 TOPICS
THEORY AND TECHNIQUES OF
QUALITATIVE INORGANIC ANALYSIS
Qualitative Inorganic Analysis:
• A method of analytical chemistry which seeks to
find elemental composition of inorganic
compounds through various reagents.
• Deals with careful detection of ions in an aqueous
solution.
• The solution is treated with various reagents to test
for reactions characteristic of certain ions, which
may cause color change, formation of ppt or other
visible changes.
PHYSICAL APPEARANCE OF
INORGANIC SALTS.
• Black -----
• MnO, MnO2, FeO, CuO, Co3O4, Ni2O3;
Also sulfides of Ag+, Cu+, Cu2+,Ni2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Pb2+,
Hg2+, Bi3+
• Blue------- Hydrated Cu2+ salts
• Red -------HgO, HgI2, Pb3O4
• Green ------Cr3+, Ni2+, hydrated Fe2+ salts
PHYSICAL APPEARANCE OF
INORGANIC SALTS, contd.
• The reagent used is any substance that gives S2− ions in such
solutions; most commonly used are hydrogen sulfide (at 0.2-0.3
M) in the presence of dilute HCl.
• CdS, is yellow. All the precipitates, except for HgS, are soluble
in dilute nitric acid. HgS is soluble only in aqua regia, which can
be used to separate it from the rest.
2nd Group of Cations
o The reagent for Group 1 anions is dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) or dilute
sulfuric acid (H2SO4).
•
o Carbonates give effervescence with dilute H2SO4 due to the release of
CO2, a colorless gas which turns limewater milky due to formation of
CaCO3 (carbonatation).