Instrument Transformers

CT & PT TESTING
INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER

Classifications

1. Current transformer
2. Voltage transformer
3. Capacitor voltage transformer

CT – Classifications

According to the installation

a. Out door type
b. Indoor type

According to the construction

a. Bar type
b. Wound type
c. Ring type

According to the material

a. Porcelain clad
b. Epoxy (cast resin)
 Name plate details

Core - 1 Core – 2 Core - 3 Core – 4 Core - 5

Ratio 1000/1 A 1A 1A 1A 1A

Class 5P10 0.5 PS PS PS

Burden 10 VA 10VA --- --- ---

VK --- --- 500 V 500 V 500 V

I mag @VK/2 --- --- 30 mA 30 mA 30 mA

RCT --- --- 4Ω 4Ω 4Ω

Application OC/EF prot Metering Differentia Bus bar

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CT Class:

5P10:

5 – 5% Composite error when 10 times fault

P - Protection
10 – ALF (accuracy limiting factor) 10 times of primary current.

PS Class:

P – Protection
S – Special

0.5 Class – 0.5% error with the normal primary current

CT Burden:

The load which can be connected in CT secondary (Meters + Transducers + Relays)

normally mentioned in VA.

Burden is compulsory for Metering and 5P10 classes.

CT Vk or KPV

Vk stands for knee point Voltage, it is a saturation

Voltage of PS class CT.

I mag

It is a magnetizing current of CT. Normally denoted

in mA.

RCT

CT secondary resistance.
CT testing

a. Insulation resistance test

b. Polarity test
c. Winding resistance test
d. Ratio test
e. Knee point Voltage test (only for PS class CTs)

IR value test
Using megger the IR value should be measured

Primary to Earth : ----Mohms (with 5000V)

Primary to Secondary 1 : ----Mohms (with 5000V)
Secondary 1 to Earth : ----Mohms (with 1000V )
Polarity test

To ensure the secondary terminal and cores.

Apply a transient Voltage in primary of CT and measure the

positive deflection in secondary by using centre null Galvano
meter.

Secondary winding resistance test

By using 1A micro-ohm meter or multimeter measure the

secondary resistance, normally value will be Ohms.
 Ratio test

a. Primary current injection method

Apply the current in primary and measure

the secondary current according to ratio.
Eg ratio is 1000/1 A
Applied primary current =100A
Measured secondary current=0.1A
During this test the secondary should be
closed circuit.

b. Voltage injection method

Apply Voltage in secondary and measure

the Voltage in primary

eg. Ratio 1000/1

The turns ratio is 1000/1=1000
If we apply 100V in sec
in pri we should get 500/1000=0.5V
 Ratio test

a. Primary current injection method

Apply the current in primary and measure

the secondary current according to ratio.
Eg ratio is 1000/1 A
Applied primary current =100A
Measured secondary current=0.1A
During this test the secondary should be
closed circuit.

b. Voltage injection method

Apply Voltage in secondary and measure

the Voltage in primary

eg. Ratio 1000/1

The turns ratio is 1000/1=1000
If we apply 100V in sec
in pri we should get 500/1000=0.5V
 Knee point Voltage test

To test the knee point Voltage we should

know the VK from CT name plate, it may
vary according to the fault level of the
system.

We can use variable Voltage source if

<250V we can directly use variac as per
circuit.

Normally EHV CT(220kV, 400kV) will have

higher VK may be 2000V, 4000V.

In such case we should use step up

transformer between variac and CT.

Up to 1000V we can measure by multi

meter, above we have 10% tap point in
step up transformer to measure and
compare the injecting Voltage.

The magnetising current I mag can be

measured by tong tester in series. Or
Multimeter in AC mA mode can be
connected in series in neutral.
 Knee point Voltage test

After the connection gradually vary

the Voltage and measure the current
in mA.

Input Voltage shall be 10%

divisions, normally if we increase
VK 10% the Imag will be increase
10-25% one certain point the Imag
will shoot up to 50% that point is
called knee point.

After the knee point CT will saturate

so we should not increase VK
further.

If CT not saturates at VK we can

inject 110% of VK.
Any ???
Thank you.