Malolos Constitution

 The Political Constitution of 1899 informally known as

the Malolos Constitution, was the constitution of the First
Philippine Republic.
 It was written by Felipe Calderón y Roca and Felipe Buencamino
as an alternative to a pair of proposals to the Malolos
Congress by Apolinario Mabini and Pedro Paterno.
 After a lengthy debate in the latter part of 1898, it was
promulgated on 21 January 1899
1935 Constitution

 written in 1934, approved and adopted by the Commonwealth of the Philippines

(1935–1946) and later used by the Third Republic (1946–1972)
 provided for unicameral National Assembly and the President was elected to a
six-year term without re-election
 was amended in 1940 to have a bicameral Congress composed of a Senate and
House of Representatives, as well the creation of an independent electoral
commission.
 a Constitutional Convention was held in 1971 to rewrite the 1935 Constitution
1935 Constitution

 served as the fundamental law of the land from 1935 to 1972

 establishes the Commonwealth of the Philippines and provides that upon
withdrawal of American sovereignty in the country and the declaration of
Philippine independence, the said commonwealth shall be known as the
Republic of the Philippines
 enumerates the composition, powers and duties of the three branches of
government (the Executive, Legislative and Judicial) and creates the
General Auditing Office and lays down the framework in the establishment
of the civil service in the country
 vests the President with the veto power on legislative bills and emergency
powers in times of war and other national emergencies
1943 Constitution

 drafted by a committee appointed by the Philippine Executive Commission,

the body established by the Japanese to administer the Philippines in lieu
of the Commonwealth of the Philippines which had established a
government-in-exile
 the constitution of the Japanese-sponsored Second Republic of the
Philippines (1943-1945)
1943 Constitution

 composed of a preamble and twelve articles, creates a Republican state

with a powerful executive branch and subordinate legislative and judicial
branches
 enumerates the duties and rights of the citizens, requires the government
to develop Tagalog as the national language, and stipulates that one year
after the termination of the Great East Asia War or the World War II; a
new constitution shall be formulated and adopted to replace this
Constitution
1943 Constitution

Philippine Executive Commission

Chairman Jorge B. Vargas reads a
message to the Kalibapi in the
presence of Lt. Gen. Shigenori
Kuroda and Speaker Benigno S.
Aquino, in the old Senate Session
Hall in the Legislative Building,
Manila. This photograph was most
probably taken on September 20,
1943, when the Kalibapi elected the
members of the National Assembly
from among its members.
1973 Constitution

 promulgated after Marcos' declaration of martial law, but having been in

the planning process for years before this, was supposed to introduce a
parliamentary-style government

The 1976 amendments were:

 an Interim Batasang Pambansa (IBP) substituting for the Interim National

Assembly;
 the President would also become the Prime Minister and he would
continue to exercise legislative powers until such time as martial law was
lifted.
1973 Constitution

 While the 1973 Constitution ideally provided for a true parliamentary

system, in practise, Marcos had made use of subterfuge and manipulation
in order to keep executive powers for himself, rather than devolving these
to the Assembly and the cabinet headed by the Prime Minister.
1973 Constitution

Referendum Bandwagon: the Marcos era referendum was conducted by

Viva Voce vote as opposed to the conventional Secret Balloting.
1986/ Freedom Constitution

 Immediately following the 1986 People Power Revolution that ousted

Marcos, President Corazon C. Aquino issued Proclamation № 3 as a
provisional constitution
 granted the President broad powers to reorganise government and remove
officials, as well as mandating the President to appoint a commission to
draft a new, more formal Constitution
 supplanted the "Freedom Constitution" upon its ratification in 1987
1986/ Freedom Constitution

President Corazon C. Aquino

receives the 1987 Constitution
from Constitutional Commission
President Cecilia Muñoz –
Palma.
1987 Constitution

 the constitution or supreme law of the Republic of the Philippines

 adopted on October 15, 1986 and ratified on February 2, 1987 under
President Corazón C. Aquino
 the product of 111 days of floor debates and committee hearings and 49
provincial consultations
 contains 18 articles, 306 sections and more than 20,000 words
 includes an Ordinance apportioning the 200 seats of the House of
Representatives to the different legislative districts
1987 Constitution