INTRODUCTION TO

INDUSTRIAL SECURITY
CONCEPT
Police Captain
Instructor

LEA 3 INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL SECURITY CONCEPT

INTRODUCTION
SECURITY
• The word secure is derived from the Latin
securus which means "safe" or "without care," or
from se cura, wherein se means "free from" and cura
means "care.“
•To be secure could mean many different things. It
could mean being free from danger, risk, injury, fear,
trouble, doubt or anxiety. Being secure could also
refer to being dependable, strong, good, impregnable
or inviolable. Or simply, it could mean having peace
of mind.
SECURITY
• Security can be defined as the degree of
protection or resistance against harm, danger, loss,
and criminals. As a form of protection, it includes
structures and processes that provide or improve
security as a condition.
RELATED CONCEPTS
• ASSET is anything tangible or intangible
that is capable of being owned or controlled to
produce value. If it has positive economic
value, it is considered an asset. Or more
simply, if its value can be converted into cash,
it is an asset (Sullivan & Sheffrin, 2003).
RELATED CONCEPTS
• RISK is the uncertainty of financial loss,
the probability that a loss has occurred or will
occur, the variations between actual and
expected results, or the possible occurrence
of an undesirable event. The end result of risk
is loss or a decrease in value (Sennewald,
2003).
 RELATED CONCEPTS
• THREAT and VULNERABILITY are sometimes
interchangeably used with risk. A THREAT is anything
that could adversely affect assets; it can be classified
into natural hazards (such as floods), accidents
(chemical spills), or intentional acts (domestic or
international terrorism). VULNERABILITY means
weakness, flaw, or virtually anything that may
conceivably be exploited by a threat; examples are
holes in a fence, an out-of-date key system or the
introduction of a computer virus (Sennewald, 2003).
 CATEGORIES OF SECURITY
•The concept of security is so wide that
categorization is necessary for better
understanding and analysis. The three main
categories covered in this book include:

•1. Physical Security - pertains to all physical

barriers employed or installed to secure assets
 CATEGORIES OF SECURITY
•2. Personnel Security- refers to the procedure
followed, inquiries conducted, and criteria applied
to determine the work suitability of a particular
applicant or the retention of a particular employee.
•3. Document and Information Security- refers to
policies, regulations, doctrines, and practices
enforced to safeguard the contents and integrity of
any classified information or document from
compromise or loss
 CATEGORIES OF SECURITY
•Political security is another category that relate
to social relationships involving governments or
entities that hold authority or power. This includes
issues of security in the public, national or
international level, as enumerated below.
 POLITICAL SECURITY
•1. Public security refers to the way governments
are ensuring the protection of its citizens,
organizations and institutions against threats to
their well-being, as well as maintaining the general
security and peace in public places. This includes
security against problems that have a direct impact
on people's lives, such as gang violence,
cybercrime, or trafficking of illegal drugs and
firearms.
 POLITICAL SECURITY
•2. National security is the requirement to
maintain the survival of a state through the use of
economic power, diplomacy, and political power.
Security threats include military foes from other
nations, big drug cartels, or even national disasters
that cause severe environmental damage.
 POLITICAL SECURITY
•3. International security consists of the
measures taken by nations and international
organizations to ensure mutual survival and safety.
Examples of measures are military actions and
diplomatic agreements.
 SECURITY
In the private sphere, security can be even further
categorized, as shown below.

•1. Industrial security is a form of physical

security involving industrial plants and business
enterprises. This involves the safeguarding of
personnel, processes, properties and operations.
 SECURITY
2. Bank and armor security involves the protection
resulting from the application of various measures
which safeguards cash and assets in storage, in
transit, or during transaction.

3. Hotel security involves using various measures

of protection for the guests, personnel properties
and functions in hotels, restaurants, bars and
clubs.
 SECURITY
4. V.I.P. security involves the protection of top-
ranking officials of the government, visiting
persons of illustrious standing and foreign
dignitaries.

5. Operational security involves the protection of

processes, formula, patents, and industrial and
manufacturing activities from espionage,
infiltration, loss, compromise infringement.
 SECURITY
6. Communication security involves the safeguard
resulting from the application of different measures which
prevent or delay the enemy or unauthorized person from
gaining information through communication including
transmission and cryptographic.

7. Mall/commercial security is the degree of protection

against danger, loss, and crime inside malls. As a form of
protection, it refers to systems, structures and processes
that provide or improve mall security as a condition.
 BASIC TERMINOLOGIES IN THE
POLICE PLANNING
•AUTHORITY – the right to command and control the behavior
of the employees in the lower positions within an organizational
hierarchy.
•A particular position in an organization carries the same
regardless of who occupies that position
•DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY – conferring of an amount
authority by a superior position to a lower-level position.
•A superior may delegate some of his duties to his
subordinates. Said superior is however, responsible for the
neglect of his subordinates
 SECURITY MANAGEMENT IN
ORGANIZATION
•Security management has become an essential feature of corporate
activity; there is almost no organization without a team dedicated to
managing issues of security. We usually see shopping malls,
entertainment venues and banks policed by private armies which we call
security guards. The presence of these uniformed staff represents the
company's ability to respond to or deter threats. This, however, is only
part of the security measures employed by companies. against threats
posed by opportunistic criminals, its rival organizations, or even its own
saboteur employees. Other security measures may include the installation
of CCTVs, sophisticated alarm systems, policies against workplace
bullying and harassment, employee screening, emergency planning, and
other measures that enable individuals and organizations to carry on with
their business free from danger.
 SECURITY MANAGEMENT IN
ORGANIZATION
•Indeed, security has a policing function in
organizations. In fact, illegal practices in the workplace
have become an established theme in criminology
studies. These crimes involve not only the robberies
and shootouts inside malls or kidnappings in schools
that we hear in the news. It involves high-stakes
corporate crimes such as tax evasion and money
laundering, fraud, bribery, workplace harassment, or
even those similar to street crimes such as thieves
sneaking inside offices.
 SECURITY MANAGEMENT IN
ORGANIZATION
•With corporate crime becoming a growing area of concern,
the increasing role of private security in crime prevention is
becoming more evident. This further highlights the need for
increased competence and professionalism among security
personnel so that they can effectively play their important role
of risk prevention and management in the organization. This
new breed of uniformed individuals who are armed with
education and training, equipped with reliable and highly
technical gadgets, and well-informed with their moral and
ethical obligations has now taken over the business of ensuring
the security of the most important assets of organizations.
HISTORY OF
SECURITY
 HISTORICAL ROOTS OF SECURITY

•The historical roots of private security agencies can be

traced back to thousands of years when the protection of life
and personal property were up to the individual, and later on
passed to tribes, and then to cities.
•In pre-historic times, man recognized the need to keep
himself safe from both known and unknown enemies such as
animals, other inhabitants and the environment itself. He used
different methods to keep himself safe such as crafting
weapons out of stone and metal, building fire to ward off
animals, staying in caves or tree houses, and even staying in
the middle of the lake for protection.
 HISTORICAL ROOTS OF SECURITY

•The Greeks of the ancient period were the ones

who organized the first police force in city states
which they termed polis. The Romans, on the other
hand, established the Praetorian Guards known as
vigiles who were tasked to be fire fighters.
•In the Middle Ages during their invasion of
England, the French formed a group of carefully
selected men called shires or sheriff to look after
the peace and order of the different regions.
 HISTORICAL ROOTS OF SECURITY

•The greatest influence in the history of security came from

England. In 1655, Oliver Cromwell set up in England and Wales
a police force that operated to capture and punish criminals. In
1748, London magistrate Henry Fielding introduced the concept
of crime prevention by organizing citizen patrols or watchmen
that not only chased criminals for felony and misdemeanor but
also served Fielding's purpose of preventing crime ahead of
time with their patrolling function. Fifty years later, English
Home Secretary Sir Robert Peel formed the first formal police
department.
 HISTORICAL ROOTS OF SECURITY

•During the colonial period in the United States, immigrants

from England, Ireland, and Scotland came to American shores
bringing with them this British approach to policing. At the time,
law enforcement officers had to deal with rampant crime in U.S.
cities and had little time and resources left to deal with the
protection of private property. Hence, citizens who wanted
protection for their private properties had to depend on the
armed immigrants who were prepared to deal with criminals.
This watchman form of security was to become the early
version of private security practices that endure to this day
(Fay, 2006).
 SECURITY IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY
•During the pre-colonial period in the Philippines, the
sovereign monarchs called datu or lakan had servants called
aliping namamahay who acted as their watchman or protector.

•The Spanish colonial government introduced the Guardia

Civil in the Philippines in 1868 to serve as the police force
based on the Civil Guard of Spain. They performed patrol
functions in cities and towns, organized operations for the
suppression of bandit groups, and imposed penalties for
infringement of laws and local ordinances.
 SECURITY IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY
•The constable of the American colonial period in the
Philippines became the forebear of the present national police.
During that time, a couple of constable officers were adequate
to maintain the peace and order in the town or sitio.
•After World War II, the Indian national or the Bombay
pioneered as the watchman who protected a specific building or
commercial establishment.
•Today, private security has a major role in the preservation
and protection of peace and order in the country. It
complements police efforts by providing additional security
during emergency responses and public events as well as
safety precaution and protection of property and assets.
 SECURITY IN PRESENT TIME
•History shows how public law enforcement and private
security evolved from the same roots but eventually took
different directions. The police served the public's interest while
the security force served private interests. As crime became a
bigger problem especially in urban areas, police departments
who previously looked down at private security are now
beginning to see the benefits of building a partnership with
them. Now, police functions that did not involve enforcement,
arrests or the use of force inside work spaces are turned over to
security. Traffic control around large commercial properties and
patrol functions around private neighborhoods are also now
often provided by security officers (Fay, 2006).
 SECURITY IN PRESENT TIME
•With the advent of terrorism in countries around the
globe, it becomes more important to build a strong
partnership between the police who respond to terrorist
acts and security officers who respond on the private
premises that they protect. This collaboration should also
involve leaders and enforcers in other fields such as fire
fighting, disaster management, emergency medical
treatment and public health. This, of course, entails a
strong support and commitment from the national
government.
 SECURITY IN PRESENT TIME
•Fast-paced technology, especially in the field of computer and
information technology is another issue affecting the security
industry. Although such technology has become very helpful in
the security officer's work, it also has the negative effect of
replacing people. Just as human labor has been displaced by
machines in other industries, it also affects individual security
personnel who might become obsolete in the face of computer
assisted technologies.
•With the combination of rising technology and the security
industry's rapid growth and recognition in organizations comes
the necessary improvement in the professionalism among
security officers.
 LEGAL
CONTEXT
OF SECURITY
 •Man instinctively protects himself and
those he holds dear (may it be property,
freedom or loved-ones) from danger or
threat, with or without help from others.
This is the supreme law -- the law of self
preservation.
 UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN
RIGHTS
• The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which was
adopted by the United Nations on 10 December 1948,
guarantees such instinct to protect in Article 3, which
states that "Everyone has the right to life, liberty and
security of person" (United Nations, 1948, emphasis
supplied).
 UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN
RIGHTS
• The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights,
a multilateral treaty also adopted by the United Nations
on 16 December 1966, further recognizes this right to
security of person in Article 9 (1), which states that:
"Everyone has the right to liberty and security of person.
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest or detention.
No one shall be deprived of his liberty except on such
grounds and in accordance with such procedure as are
established by law" (United Nations Human Rights, 1966).
 1987 PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION
• The 1987 Constitution lays the foundation that protects the
Filipino citizens' right to security. Relevant sections of the
constitution are cited here to demonstrate specific provisions
that guarantee this right.
• Section 4, Article II. The prime duty of the Government is to
serve and protect the people. The Government may call upon
the people to defend the State and, in the fulfilment thereof,
all citizens may be required, under conditions provided by
law, to render personal, military or civil service. This section
provides that all qualified citizens of the state, including
security personnel, may be required by law to render personal
military or civil service.
 1987 PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION
• Section 1, Article III. No person shall be deprived
of life, liberty, or property without due process of
law, nor shall any person be denied the equal
protection of the laws.

• This section provides that due process of law

should be observed all the time. It is unlawful to
deprive a person his life or property without
undergoing proper inquiry, trial or even judgment.
 1987 PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION
• Section 2, Article III. The right of the people to be secure
in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against
unreasonable searches and seizures of whatever nature
and for any purpose shall be inviolable, and no search
warrant or warrant of arrest shall issue except upon
probable cause to be determined personally by the
judge after examination under oath or affirmation of the
complainant and the witnesses he may produce, and
particularly describing the place to be searched and the
persons or things to be seized.
 1987 PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION
• Section 9, Article III. Private property shall not be
taken for public use without just compensation.

• Being the rightful owner, it is the right of the

person to keep the ownership of his property
subject to limitations imposed by the law. If the
government plans to take a private property for
public use, just compensation should be
extended to the private owner.
 1987 PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION
• Section 16, Article XII. The Congress shall not,
except by general law, provide for the formation,
organization, or regulation of private
corporations. Government-owned or controlled
corporations may be created or established by
special charters in the interest of the common
good and subject to the test of economic viability.
 THE REVISED PENAL CODE (RA 3815)
• Applicable provisions of Republic Act No. 3815 or
"An Act Revising the Penal Code and Other Penal
Laws," otherwise known as the Revised Penal
Code (December 8, 1930) regarding crimes
against persons (Title Eight of the Code), personal
liberty and security (Title Nine of the Code), and
property (Title Ten of the Code) have bearing on
the individual's right to security and the private
security industry.
 PRIVATE SECURITY AGENCY LAW
(RA 5487 AS AMENDED)
• Republic Act No. 5487 or "An Act to Regulate the Organization
and Operation of Private Detective, Watchmen or Security
Guards Agencies," is amended by Presidential Decree No. 11 on
October 3, 1972. In this particular law, the security guards,
watchmen, private detectives and the security officers are
considered as force multipliers of the Philippine National Police
(PNP) because of the role they play in times of disaster or
calamities. The chief of the PNP or the mayor of a certain
municipality or city may deputize them to assist the PNP in the
performance of the police duties for the duration of such
emergency disaster or calamity.
 PRIVATE SECURITY AGENCY LAW
(RA 5487 AS AMENDED)
• Private security personnel are called Protection Specialists
because in the present concept, law enforcement and crime
prevention are not solely charged to the NP. The five-pillar
concept in criminal. justice system calls for the involvement
of the private sector and the community to which much of
the success of law enforcement depends. Private security
forces play a vital role in this regard as they are a potent
force in crime prevention. They have contributed to the
improvement of peace and order and the protection of lives
and properties in all areas of the country.
 PRIVATE SECURITY AGENCY LAW
(RA 5487 AS AMENDED)
• The scope of the law covers originally promulgated and
newly introduced rules and regulations designed to
professionalize the security industry. Revisions were
made to make the security business a more credible and
reliable sector in our country. New provisions include
the rule on the utilization of security personnel in certain
types of services. The training program for private
security personnel was also expanded in order to
develop skills and knowledge suitable to current and
future applications.
 PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1919
(AMENDING RA 5487 AND PD 100
Presidential Decree No. 1919 amended further The Private
Security Agency Law on April 28, 1984 with the following
changes:
• Defining watchman or security guard to include those
from government entities.
• Specifying the employment of a minimum of 200 and a
maximum of 1,000 licensed security guards for any
private security agency.
• Specifying 30 to 1,000 company guards for company
guard forces
 PD NO. 11 AND NO. 100
(AMENDING RA 5487)
Presidential Decree No. 11 amended The
Private Security Agency Law on October 3,
1972, while Presidential Decree No. 100
amended the same law on January 17, 1973.
 QUIZ

1.Explain the significance of Security

Management in an organization in 100-200
words (50 points).
2.Explain the importance of private security
personnel in the maintenance of peace and
order in 100-200 words (50 points).