L15- ELECTRICITY AND CIRCUITS

GRADE 6
MS. SHINEY KOSHY
LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• What is electricity made of?

• Difference between Static Electricity and Electric current
(Dynamic electricity)
• Primary sources of electricity- renewable and non-renewable
 GIANTS IN THE FIELD OF ELECTRICITY

• BENJAMIN FRANKLIN
• WILLIAM GILBERT
• MICHAEL FARADAY
• ALESSANDRO VOLTA
• HANS CHRISTIAN OERSTED
• THOMAS EDISON
WHO DISCOVERED ELECTRICITY?

‘electricus’- like amber

 WHAT I S E L E C T R I C I T Y ? ? ?

Definition:

Electricity is a form of energy that can

be easily changed to other forms.
 WHERE DOES ELECTRICITY COME
FROM?
Mainly 2 sources:
1) Power Stations
- Supply a lot of electricity
- Used in many electrical appliances-
industries and homes
2) Electric Cells (batteries)
- Supply a little electricity
- Portable
- Safe
PRIMARY SOURCE OR ‘FUEL’ IN POWER
STATIONS
 HOW DOES AN ELECTRICAL
APPLIANCE WORK?
• To make an electrical appliance work, electricity
must flow through it.
• The flow of electricity is called an electric current.
• The path along which the electric current moves is
called the electric circuit.
 electric
cell

connecting
filament wire

flow of electrons

Definition:
An electric current is the flow of electric charges in a circuit.
Conventional current flow is always considered to be from
positive to negative terminal.
 ELECTRIC CHARGES
• Electric charges are made up of positive charges
(protons) and negative charges (electrons).

• When these charges flow in a circuit, a current is

produced.
 HOW DOES ELECTRICITY
FLOW?
• The battery in a circuit gives energy to
the electrons and pushes them around a
circuit, from the negative terminal of the
cell, round the circuit and back to the
positive terminal of the cell.
SYMBOLS FOR ELECTRIC CIRCUIT
 ELECTRIC CIRCUITS
connecting wires

• Electric circuits are made up electric cell

of electrical components

• These components must be

joined together without any
gap in between to form a light bulb circuit board
closed circuit.
Note:
Components refer to the
light bulb, wires, battery
 AN E L E C T R I C C U R R E N T F L O W S
O N LY WHEN T H E R E IS:
• a source of electrical
energy and
connecting wires

electric cell
• a closed circuit- an
unbroken path for the
current to flow

light bulb circuit board

 ELECTRIC CIRCUITS
• Incomplete circuits are called open circuits.

connecting wire is no source of

missing electrical energy

Both the circuits in the diagram are incomplete, hence they are
known as “open circuits”.
EXAMPLES O F C I R C U I T D I A G R A M S :
 SWITCHES / KEY
A switch is used for making or breaking an electric circuit

Main s w i t c h used
in b u i l d i n g s

S w i t c h e s used on c i r c u i t
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS FOR
OPEN AND CLOSED CIRCUITS

Open ci rcui t. C l o s e circuit.

Bulb does not Bulb w i l l light
l i g h t up up when t h e
when t h e s w i t c h is
RECAP
• Brief history of electricity
• Electricity is generated through primary sources in power stations.
• Electricity is a secondary form of energy caused by the flow of the charges.
• Electric current refers to the flow of positive or negative charges through a
conductor in a closed path called the circuit.
• Conventionally, (as a universal rule) we consider electric current to flow from the
positive to negative terminal of the power source in a closed circuit.
• A circuit can be opened and closed using a switch or a key.
• Some basic symbols are used to represent different circuit connections.
L15- ELECTRICITY AND CIRCUITS
GRADE 6
MS. SHINEY KOSHY
LEARNING OBJECTIVES

•Working of an electric bulb

•Working of a dry cell
•Working of an electric torch
•Applications of conductors and Insulators
•Safe practices when dealing with electricity
WHAT HAPPENS TO METAL WHEN IT IS
HEATED?
 LIGHT BULB

• Glass case
• Coiled Tungsten filament
• Support wires
• Inert gas
• Terminals
 BRAINSTORM

Why tungsten?
Why inert gas?
What can you say about the
conductivity of tungsten?
 ELECTRIC CIRCUIT
A closed path for electric current to flow

Which of these would glow?

Show your results using circuit diagrams.
DID YOU THINK OF THESE WAYS TO LIGHT THE
BULB?
ELECTRIC CIRCUIT
A closed path for electric current to flow
ELECTRIC CELLS CONVERT
Chemical energy
• Contain chemical substances to Electrical
• Have a ‘+’ positive terminal (metalenergy
cap) and a ‘-’ negative terminal
(zinc case).
• When two or more cells are joined
together, the combination is called a
battery.
-ve +ve
FUSE
ELECTRIC TORCH
1

5
6
7
ELECTRICAL SAFETY TIPS
RECAP

• Parts and working of an electric filament bulb

• Parts and working of an electric cell
• Parts and working of an electric torch
• Electrical safety tips