MEASUREMENT AND

MOTION
part 1
Ms. Shiney Koshy
GRADE 6
SCIENCE
 Learning Objectives:

 Story of transport
 Measurement of length
 Standard units of measurement.
 Conversion from one unit to another.
TIMELINE OF TRANSPORTATION

900s
- 1
1817
s 1819
1800
1783
s
1760

0 0 B CE
32
E
3 50 0 B C
 Distance

The length of the path between

initial and final position is called
distance
Measurement:
 Unit
 The fixed quantity that is used as a standard of measurement for an unknown
physical quantity is called unit.

 Physical quantities can be length, mass, time, etc.

Measurement:

10 Cm
Measurement
10 cm

a number/magnitude(10) unit(cm)
unknown quantity known quantity

 10 cm can be expressed as 10 1 cm
 The measurement of pencil which is 10 cm tells us how many
times is the pencil when compared to a known quantity (i.e. 1
cm)
 Measurement:

 Comparing an unknown quantity with a known quantity

is called measurement.
 The result of measurement includes two parts : one part
is a number also called magnitude (unknown quantity)
and other is the unit in which it is measured (known
quantity).
Non Standard Units of Measurement

Pace/ Stride
Arm span/ Fathom
Non-standard Units of Measurement

ANGUL FIST (MUTTHI)

BOWL STICK
Examples of use of non standard of
measurement
 Disadvantage of Non Standard unit of
measurement
Non-standard unit of measurement is not suitable because
 it lacks uniformity and
 create confusion
Disadvantage of Non-standard units of
measurement

4 Handspan

Confused???
Disadvantage of Non-standard units of
measurement
 Different people have
different body sizes and so are
their handspan, foot span,
cubit, etc
 So, these units of
measurement will not have
uniformity
Standard Units of Measurement

 To maintain uniformity in measurement.

 The International system of units or SI Units (Systeme
international d’unites’) was established in 1960 by the 11th
General Conference on Weights and Measures.
 Some standard units

Physical quantity SI Units Symbol

Length Metre m

Mass Kilogram kg

Time Second s
International System of Units (SI units)

 It is based on MKS (Metre-Kilogram-Second) System.

 A few more systems followed in different parts of the world:
1. CGS system ( centimetre- gram- second) : British system
2. FPS system (foot- pound- second)
 Conversion of Units
Weight Time
 1 quintal = 100 kg  1 minute = 60 seconds
 1 tonne = 1000 kg  1 hour = 60 minutes = 3600 seconds
 1 g = 1/1000 kg  1 millisecond = 1/1000 second
 1mg = 1/1000 g = 1/ 1000000 kg

Length
 1 km = 1000 m
 1 decimetre = 1/10m
 1 centimetre = 1/100 m
 1 millimetre = 1/1000 m
 Recap….
 Measurement is important in every sphere of life.
 Measurement is done for length, mass, time, temperature, intensity of light and other measurable
quantities.
 Measurement includes a known quantity which is the ‘unit’ and a measured number which is the
‘magnitude’. The magnitude indicates the number of times the unit must be multiplied to get the
measurement.
 Non-standard units such as cubit, handspan, foot span, etc were used in earlier times but were not
reliable as they differ from person to person.
 Standard units are fixed quantities which are metre for length, kilogram for mass and seconds for
time.
 There are various SI unit systems (International system of Units) followed such as the MKS
system, FPS system and CGS system.
 The unit of time remains the same in all these SI systems.
 For conversion from unit to another: Multiply to convert from larger unit to smaller unit & Divide
to convert from smaller unit to larger unit.
MEASUREMENT AND
MOTION
part 2
Ms. Shiney Koshy
GRADE 6
SCIENCE
 Learning Objectives:

 Measuring curves.
 Development of the skill of accurate measurement
 Comparing motion and rest
 Types of motion and classifying moving objects based on
their type of motion.
Correct Measurement of Length

 The scale should be placed in contact and

along the length of the object to be
measured

 In Figure (a) the scale is along the length

while in (b) it is not straight but skewed.
Correct Measurement of Length

 Since zero mark is not visible in

the scale, the full mark “1” is
chosen as the initial reading.
 Any other full mark could have
been chosen other than “1”.

Actual reading =
Final reading-Initial reading
 Correct Measurement of Length

actual reading is 10.5 – 8 = 2.5 inches.

 Correct Measurement of Length
Our eye must be exactly above the point where measurement has
to be taken. In the figure position “B” is correct as it is above the
final reading “7.5”
Measuring the Length of a curved line
What is Motion?
 Which objects are in motion and which objects
are at rest?
 The people in the car are at
rest with respect to each
other and the car.
 The people in the car as well
as the car are at motion with
respect to objects outside the
car.
 Moving Things Around Us

 Motion: The change in position of an object with respect to its surroundings in a

given time is called motion.

 E.g. moving train with respect to people at the station, , running horse, moving ball

 Rest: When an object does not change its position with respect to its surroundings
in a given time, then it is said to be at rest.

 E.g. a mountain with respect to a mountaineer climbing it, a bag carried by a person.
1. Translatory motion- Rectilinear motion
1. Translatory motion - Curvilinear motion
2. Rotatory motion
 When an object moved around its axis, it is called rotation.
3. Oscillatory motion - Vibratory motion
 To and fro OR Back and forth movements about a fixed point
 4. Random motion
 Direction and speed of movement keeps changing
 TYPES OF MOTION
Periodic Motion Non periodic Motion
 When the motion repeats itself after  When the motion does not repeat itself
regular intervals of time after regular intervals of time
 E.g. motion of a swing, motion of the  E.g. Vibration of ear drum or ear
needle of sewing machine, motion of a ossicles, clouds moving across the sky
string of guitar
 MULTIPLE MOTIONS

 A bouncing ball shows both translatory curvilinear motion as well rotational

motion
 The ceiling fan has both rotational (moving on its axis) as well as periodic
motion.
 Moving wheel shows both rotational as well as translatory rectilinear
motion.
 CLASSIFY

Rotatory & Periodic Translatory & Rotatory Translatory- rectilinear

Circular Translatory- Curvilinear Translatory- Rectilinear Oscillatory

 Recap
 Measuring accurately using a ruler.
 Measuring the length of a curved line.
 Concepts of motion and rest.
 Types of motion-
 Translatory- Rectilinear and Curvilinear motions
 Rotational motion
 Oscillatory motion
 Periodic motion & Non- periodic motion
 Random motion
 Multiple motions