Amritsar College of Engineering & Technology, Amritsar, Punjab, INDIA

NAAC - A grade, NBA accredited courses(2009-12, 2016-18), UGC Autonomous College

SUBJECT: Cloud Computing(ACCS-16708)

TOPIC: Virtualization

Er. Anamika Jain

Assistant Professor
Department of Computer Science and Engineering

1 Er. Anamika Jain jnanamika@gmail.com 8th Sem. CC

 VIRTUALIZATION
• “Virtualization, in computing, is the creation of a virtual (rather than
actual) version of something, such as a hardware platform, operating
system, a storage device or network resources”.

2 Er. Anamika Jain jnanamika@gmail.com 8th Sem. CC

 • Network Virtualization
• Network virtualization in cloud computing is a method of combining the
available resources in a network by splitting up the available bandwidth
into different channels, each being separate and distinguished. They can
be either assigned to a particular server or device or stay unassigned
completely — all in real time. The idea is that the technology disguises the
true complexity of the network by separating it into parts that are easy to
manage, much like your segmented hard drive makes it easier for you to
manage files.

3 Er. Anamika Jain jnanamika@gmail.com 8th Sem. CC

 • Storage Virtualizing
• Using this technique gives the user an ability to pool the hardware storage
space from several interconnected storage devices into a simulated single
storage device that is managed from one single command console. This
storage technique is often used in storage area networks. Storage
manipulation in the cloud is mostly used for backup, archiving, and
recovering of data by hiding the real and physical complex storage
architecture. Administrators can implement it with software applications
or by employing hardware and software hybrid appliances.

4 Er. Anamika Jain jnanamika@gmail.com 8th Sem. CC

 • Server Virtualization
• This technique is the masking of server resources. It simulates physical
servers by changing their identity, numbers, processors and operating
systems. This spares the user from continuously managing complex server
resources. It also makes a lot of resources available for sharing and
utilizing, while maintaining the capacity to expand them when needed.

5 Er. Anamika Jain jnanamika@gmail.com 8th Sem. CC

 • Data Virtualization
• This kind of cloud computing virtualization technique is abstracting the
technical details usually used in data management, such as location,
performance or format, in favor of broader access and more resiliency that
are directly related to business needs.

6 Er. Anamika Jain jnanamika@gmail.com 8th Sem. CC

 • Application Virtualization
• Software virtualization in cloud computing abstracts the application layer,
separating it from the operating system. This way the application can run
in an encapsulated form without being dependant upon the operating
system underneath. In addition to providing a level of isolation, an
application created for one OS can run on a completely different operating
system.

7 Er. Anamika Jain jnanamika@gmail.com 8th Sem. CC

 Virtualization Architecture
OS assumes complete control of the underlying hardware.
Virtualization architecture provides this illusion through a
hypervisor/VMM. Hypervisor/VMM is a software layer which:


Allows multiple Guest OS (Virtual Machines) to run simultaneously on a

single physical host
Provides hardware abstraction to the running Guest OSs and
efficiently multiplexes underlying hardware resources.

8 Er. Anamika Jain jnanamika@gmail.com 8th Sem. CC

 Process view of Machine System View of Machine
environment to support multiple memory, user-level instr.,
processes
sharing resources system calls for OS functions
hardware characteristics defines system OS interface to hardware defines view
view of process
System VM Process VM

e.g.,Xen, kvm, VMware, VirtualBox, e.g. Java, .Net, Emulators

UMLinux

9 Er. Anamika Jain jnanamika@gmail.com 8th Sem. CC

 Benefits of Virtual Machines
Instant provisioning - fast scalability Live
Migration is possible
Load balancing and consolidation in a Data Center is possible.

Low downtime for maintenance

Virtual hardware supports legacy operating systems efficiently

Security and fault isolation

10 Er. Anamika Jain jnanamika@gmail.com 8th Sem. CC

 Importance of Virtualization in Cloud
Computing
Cloud can exist without Virtualization, although it will be difficult and
inefficient.
Cloud makes notion of “Pay for what you use”, “infinite availability- use
as much you want”.
• These notions are practical only if we have
• lot of flexibility
efficiency in the back-end.
This efficiency is readily available in Virtualized Environments and
Machines.

11 Er. Anamika Jain jnanamika@gmail.com 8th Sem. CC

 Popek and Goldberg mentioned a set of requirements that must be met
in their 1974 paper.
They divided instructions into three categories:
 Privileged instructions: execute in a privileged mode, but will trap
otherwise.
 Control sensitive instructions: attempt to change the config of
resources
 Behavior sensitive instructions: are those that behave in a different way
depending on the config of resources

They said that all sensitive instructions must also be privileged
instructions.
Hypervisor must be able to intercept any instructions that changes the
state of the machine in a way that impacts other processes.

12 Er. Anamika Jain jnanamika@gmail.com 8th Sem. CC

 Privilege Rings
Memory page has a 2 bit code which is checked by CPU before
executing the instruction.
If privilege level is insufficient the CPU does not executes the
instruction.

13 Er. Anamika Jain jnanamika@gmail.com 8th Sem. CC

 VM implementation Techniques
2. Binary Translation
1.

3. Paravirtualization

Hardware Supported Virtualization

14 Er. Anamika Jain jnanamika@gmail.com 8th Sem. CC

 1. Binary Translation
Used in VMWare

Binary image of OS is manipulated at the runtime.

Privileged instructions are rewritten to point to their emulated versions.

Performance from this approach is not ideal, particularly when doing

anything I/O intensive.
Caching of the locations of unsafe instructions can speed Up

15 Er. Anamika Jain jnanamika@gmail.com 8th Sem. CC

 Para Virtualization
Used in XEN
Make OS aware of underlying Virtualization env.
OS's code is manipulated.
Important system calls are changed to point to the implementation
provided by the VMM.

16 Er. Anamika Jain jnanamika@gmail.com 8th Sem. CC

 Hardware supported
Virtualization
Added new instructions which makes Virtualization considerably easier
for x86.
 Intel – IVT(Intel Virtualization Technology)
 AMD – introduced AMD-V

OS stays in its original privilege level 0.

Attempts to access the hardware directly are caught and passed to
VMM. In other words a new privilege ring is setup for the VMM.

17 Er. Anamika Jain jnanamika@gmail.com 8th Sem. CC

18 Er. Anamika Jain jnanamika@gmail.com 8th Sem. CC
19 Er. Anamika Jain jnanamika@gmail.com 8th Sem. CC
20 Er. Anamika Jain jnanamika@gmail.com 8th Sem. CC
21 Er. Anamika Jain jnanamika@gmail.com 8th Sem. CC
22 Er. Anamika Jain jnanamika@gmail.com 8th Sem. CC