Computer Networks

This document is the property of CS Academy International.

1 Unauthorized copying of this document is prohibited
What is Computer Network?

This document is the property of CS Academy International.

2 Unauthorized copying of this document is prohibited
 What do networks enables us to do?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x3c1ih2NJEg

This document is the property of CS Academy International.

3 Unauthorized copying of this document is prohibited
 Computer Network
Computer Networks are connected through
❖Wired Network
➢Cables
➢Telephone lines
❖Wireless Network
➢Radio Waves
➢Satellites
➢Infrared light beams
This document is the property of CS Academy International.
4 Unauthorized copying of this document is prohibited
 Transmission Channels
Co-Axial Cable Twisted Pair Fibre-optic

This document is the property of CS Academy International.

5 Unauthorized copying of this document is prohibited
How are networked computers joined together?

This document is the property of CS Academy International.

6 Unauthorized copying of this document is prohibited
 Computer Network
❖Intranet
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HEzN3B_aXE4
A system of computers inside an organization that makes it
possible for people who work there to look at the same
information and to send information to each other.

This document is the property of CS Academy International.

7 Unauthorized copying of this document is prohibited
 Computer Network
❖ Extranet
An extranet is a private network that enterprises use to
provide trusted third parties -- such as suppliers, vendors,
partners, customers and other businesses -- secure,
controlled access to business information or operations.

This document is the property of CS Academy International.

8 Unauthorized copying of this document is prohibited
Advantages of Computer Network
1.Centralised software management
2.Resource sharing
3.Speed
4.Cost Efficient
5.Security

This document is the property of CS Academy International.

9 Unauthorized copying of this document is prohibited
Advantages of Computer Network

This document is the property of CS Academy International.

10 Unauthorized copying of this document is prohibited
Disadvantages of Computer Network

This document is the property of CS Academy International.

11 Unauthorized copying of this document is prohibited
Disadvantages of Computer Network
❖It becomes difficult to manage when a large
number of computers are connected to a
network.
❖As traffic increases on a network the
performance degrades

This document is the property of CS Academy International.

12 Unauthorized copying of this document is prohibited
 Basic Components of a Network
❖Server - Manages Resources,Software and Files.
❖Workstation - Personal Computer
❖Network Interface Card - hardware component for
communication
❖Hub - Connects multiple devices.NIC—>Hub—>to other devices
❖Switch
1.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HB4I2CgkcCo
2.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Itwk3BJ4GPY

This document is the property of CS Academy International.

13 Unauthorized copying of this document is prohibited
 Network devices
Hardware devices that are used to connect
computers, printers, fax machines and other
electronic devices to a network are called network
devices.

This document is the property of CS Academy International.

14 Unauthorized copying of this document is prohibited
 Server
A server is a computer, a device, or a program entirely responsible for
managing network resources. Servers are called so because they provide
the functionality to a "client," another computer, device, or application
Example:
1.File server is a computer that manages storage and retrieval of files.
2.A Print server is a computer that manages one or more printers
required on a network.

This document is the property of CS Academy International.

15 Unauthorized copying of this document is prohibited
 Workstation
A workstation is a computer dedicated to a single user or a group
working on a business or professional project.

This document is the property of CS Academy International.

16 Unauthorized copying of this document is prohibited
 Network Interface Card
● NIC is a piece of hardware placed inside the
system unit.
● It is apart of motherboard,the platform which
connects the different parts of a computer.
● It is designed to allow computers to
communicate over a network.

This document is the property of CS Academy International.

17 Unauthorized copying of this document is prohibited
 Hub
Hubs are used to connect multiple devices in a network. They
are generally used to connect computers in a LAN. It is a non-
intelligent network device that sends message to all ports.

This document is the property of CS Academy International.

18 Unauthorized copying of this document is prohibited
 Switch
A switch is a device that connects multiple devices together over
a network. It is an intelligent network device that sends message
to selected destination ports.

This document is the property of CS Academy International.

19 Unauthorized copying of this document is prohibited
 Router

Routers enable data to be sent (routed) between different type of

networks. Routers are most commonly used to connect computers and
devices to the internet

This document is the property of CS Academy International.

20 Unauthorized copying of this document is prohibited
 Bridge
• Bridges are used to connect LAN s together
• Bridges can connect different types of network together

This document is the property of CS Academy International.

21 Unauthorized copying of this document is prohibited
 Types of Computer Network
• Personal area network or PAN
• Local area network or LAN
• Metropolitan area network or MAN
• Wide area network or WAN
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PuX4FItAH7Y

This document is the property of CS Academy International.

22 Unauthorized copying of this document is prohibited
 Protocols
There are set of rules that govern data
communication in a networking environment,known
as protocols.
❖Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
❖Simple Mail Transfer Protocol(SMTP)
❖File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
❖Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol(TCP/IP)
This document is the property of CS Academy International.
23 Unauthorized copying of this document is prohibited
 Personal area network or PAN
• Personal Area Network is a network
arranged within an individual person,
typically within a range of 10 meters.

This document is the property of CS Academy International.

24 Unauthorized copying of this document is prohibited
 Local area network or LAN
• A local area network (LAN) is a computer
network that interconnects computers
within a limited area such as a residence,
school, laboratory, university campus

This document is the property of CS Academy International.

25 Unauthorized copying of this document is prohibited
 Metropolitan area network or MAN
• A metropolitan area network, or MAN, consists
of a computer network across an entire city,
college campus or small region. this type of
network allows you to cover an area from several
miles to tens of miles.

This document is the property of CS Academy International.

26 Unauthorized copying of this document is prohibited
 Wide area network or WAN

• A wide area network, or WAN,

occupies a very large area, such as an
entire country or the entire world.

This document is the property of CS Academy International.

27 Unauthorized copying of this document is prohibited
 Client - Server Architecture
The client-server architecture refers to a system that
hosts, delivers, and manages most of the resources
and services that the client requests. In this model, all
requests and services are delivered over a network,
and it is also referred to as the networking computing
model or client server network.

This document is the property of CS Academy International.

28 Unauthorized copying of this document is prohibited
Client - Server Architecture

This document is the property of CS Academy International.

29 Unauthorized copying of this document is prohibited
 Peer-to-Peer Architecture
Peer to peer architecture is a type of computer
networking architecture in which there is no division
or distinction of abilities amidst the various
workstations or nodes of a network. Every section
has the exact same responsibilities and can perform
the same set of actions.

This document is the property of CS Academy International.

30 Unauthorized copying of this document is prohibited
Peer-to-Peer Architecture

This document is the property of CS Academy International.

31 Unauthorized copying of this document is prohibited
 Network Topology
The physical arrangement of cables,computers
and other peripheral devices to form a network
is known as a topology
❖Bus Topology
❖Star Topology
❖Ring Topology

This document is the property of CS Academy International.

32 Unauthorized copying of this document is prohibited
Network Topology

This document is the property of CS Academy International.

33 Unauthorized copying of this document is prohibited