Breadboard: Module 2 (Lesson 8)

Breadboard
Module 2 (Lesson 8)
Lesson 8: Breadboard
Breadboards are one of the most fundamental pieces when learning

how to build circuits. In this lesson, you will learn a little bit about
what breadboards are, why they are called breadboards, and how to
use one. Once you are done you should have a basic understanding
of how breadboards work and be able to build a basic circuit on a
breadboard.
TechFactors Copyright 2020

Target Outcomes:
At the end of the discussion, the students should be able to:
 Name and identify the parts of a breadboard.
Explain the use of a breadboard.

Are you familiar with this one?

What do you call this?
What is its use?

Explore
BREADBOARD – is used to create circuits and connect

different sensors and actuators to the Arduino board it also refers
to a solderless breadboard.
How can you relate the function of a breadboard to the

function of an extension cord?

Explain
Breadboard
A Breadboard is used to create circuits and connect different sensors and
actuators to the Arduino board. It also refers to a solderless breadboard.




OBSERVE: (SINCE BREADBOARD SERVES
LIKE AN EXTENSION CORD, 5V AND
GROUND WILL BE EXTENDED TO THE
POWER RAIL.
OBSERVE: WHAT DO YOU OBSERVE IN THIS
CUIRCUIT?
GROUND IS EXTENDED TO A6 TO E6 AND 5V
POWER IS EXTENDED TO A7 TO E7
OBSERVE: WHAT WILL I DO IF I WANT TO PUT
5V POWER TO A20 TO E20
5V POWER TO A20 TO E20
ANSWER:
5V POWER TO B20 TO E20
ANSWER:
5V POWER TO B20 TO E20
ANSWER:
OBSERVE: SINCE THE UPPER HALF DOESN’T
HAVE POWER, WHAT WILL I DO TO PUT
POWER(5V) AND GROUND TO IT.
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
Evaluate

Parts:

Circuits and LED
Module 2 (Lesson 9)
Lesson 9: Circuits and LED
In this lesson students perform experiments using two different types

of circuit arrangements: series and parallel circuits. Students compare
a set up of series and parallel bulbs, make predictions about how the
circuit will function, record results, and discuss the circuits as a
group.

Target Outcomes:
 Name and identify the parts of a circuit connection and LED.
 Explain the use of a circuit connection and LED.
 Perform wiring connections with a breadboard and LED.D. Learning

Resources
REMINDER: NEGATIVE LEG IS CONNECTED TO
GROUND WHILE POSITIVE LEG IS CONNECTED
TO 5 VOLTS

Explore

Explore

TO 5 VOLTS NO
QUESTION: WILL THE LED LIGHT UP?
TO 5 VOLTS YE
S
QUESTION: WILL THE LED LIGHT UP?
Project: Basic Connection
with LED and Resistor
Module 2(Lesson 10)
Lesson 10: Project: Basic Connection with LED and Resistor
In this lesson, we will build few simple LED Circuits. Nowadays, people
are investing more in LEDs due to their energy efficiency. Home lighting,
office lighting, Automobile lighting, Street lighting etc. are all being
implemented using LED. In this lesson, students will know how to use an
Arduino and to control LEDs. This is a pretty simple project, but you will
learn how to do it early on because lots of other sensors and modules are
programmed the exact same way.

Target Outcomes:
 Build and key in the code based on the circuit diagram.

The student will identify and describe the function of the following:









Important Note!
While LEDs will not work when placed backwards, you don't have to
worry about whether it will be damaged: as long as there is a series
resistor of at least 100 ohms next to it, the LED will survive the
experience!
However, using an LED without a series resistor is a sure-fire way to kill

it! (You'll see a bright flash and it may turn dark)
Always use a resistor! A 1.0K ohm is a good place to start. We'll cover
how to figure out the best resistor value later on.

Direction: Copy the circuit from the left. For groups
1 to 6, create a code that will make the LED blink at
he same time. For groups 7 to 12, create a code that
will make the 2 LEDs alternate blinking.
LED (from the left is connected to digital pin number

7),
LED (from the right is connected to digital pin
number ~3),

Control Structures
Module 2 (Lesson 11)
Lesson 11:Control Structures
One of the functions of computer programming is for communication
between humans and computers or machines. Programming is a key
skill to develop for working in robotics. Conditional statement
allows performing different computations or actions depending on
whether a programmer-specified boolean condition evaluates to true
or false. There are different conditional statements that can be used
based on its structure. Differentiating these conditional statements
make us control a robot smoothly.

Target Outcomes:
 Differentiate controls based on its structure

List down the use of programming in robotics.

Explore
Analyze each statement below then answer the following questions.
If you are 18 years old and above then, you are qualified to vote while if not, you are not
qualified to vote for the senatorial election.
1. What was the statement tells you?

2. Is there any conditions given for every age? What is it?
3. 18 years old and above can vote. True or false
4. What are we trying to find out in this sentence?
5. Don’t you think robots can do also the same thing? Recognizing things that might be true
or false? Controlling itself in case there are obstacles? Why?
Explain
Conditional Control Structure

-The function of conditional control structures is to
make conditions or expression that “evaluate to either true or
false. They are mostly used to determine program flow
through if statements and while loops.

1. if CONDITIONAL STATEMENT
It executes any statement inside the brackets { } if the conditional statement is true.
If false, the program skips over the statement.

2. else CONDITIONAL STATEMENT
An if statement can have an else clause which handles what should be done if the if statement is not true .

3. while LOOP STATEMENT
A while statement is just like an if statement except it continues to repeat a block of code (a block of code is what is within the
curly braces) as long as the condition is true.

4. If...else if CONDITIONAL STATEMENT

5. for LOOP STATEMENT
It is most useful when you want something to happen a couple of times.


Complete the chart below. Describe each conditional control structures.
CONDITIONAL
CONTROL
STRUCTURE
IF...else if
IF Conditional Else Conditional While Loop
Conditional
Statement Statement Statement
Statement

Evaluate
Identify the control based on its structure.




Serial Monitor
Lesson 12:Serial Monitor
Today, robots are everywhere. It has essential role in making our lives
more convenient. Robots replaced some people working on dangerous tasks.
These robots receive commands from the programmers to do a certain task
using computers and a software. Communication between robots and humans
is important. Robots cannot understand the language we are using that is why
programming languages are developed. These source codes (commands) are
converted into machine codes that can only understand by the computers.
Serial Monitor is used for communication between the Arduino board and a
computer or other devices. Its job is to allow you to both send messages from
your computer to an Arduino board (over USB) and also to receive messages
from the Arduino.

Target Outcomes:
 Define what a serial monitor is.
 Key in the codes on the serial monitor


SERIAL MONITOR
is used for communication between the

Arduino board and a computer or other devices.

OPENING UP THE SERIAL MONITOR
After you have uploaded the sketch onto your Arduino, click on the rightmost button on
the toolbar in the Arduino IDE. The button is encircled below.

The Serial Monitor is a separate pop-up window that acts as a separate terminal that
communicates by receiving and sending Serial Data. See the icon on the far right of the
image above.
Serial Data is sent over a single wire (but usually travels over USB) and consists of a series
of 1’s and 0’s sent over the wire. Data can be sent in both directions (in our case on two
wires).
 The Serial Monitor Window will open
 This window is called the Serial Monitor and it is part of the

Arduino IDE software. Its job is to allow you to both send
messages from your computer to an Arduino board (over USB)
and also to receive messages from the Arduino.

Elaborate
Discuss the steps on transferring of data or commands from computer to arduino robot using
flowchart.
Conect usb port from
computer to arduino robot
the transferred commands

Encode commands that you
will be processed and sent
want for your robot
to arduino
write commands to the text

window and send it to Upload sketch to arduino
arduino
a window will pop up and

shows message about
Click serial monitor
commands that we can
send to arduino robot
Evaluate
Directions: Explain the following
1. What is a serial monitor?
2. What is the importance of a serial monitor?

Types of Switches
Lesson 13:Types of Switches
Humans can be able to do their jobs because of energy just like robots.
Unlike humans who get this energy from the food, robots gain energy
from its power supply. Humans will stop working when they get tired,
robots are not. Robots have a switch that is very important in allowing
and stopping it from working. This part of robots connects and breaks
the flow of electricity. Electronic switches are used to perform
all logical functions.

Target Outcomes:
 Identify the different types of switches.
 Explain the use of a switch in a circuit.
 Draw a schematic diagram of a circuit with switch.

Explore
What is the purpose of switch in your circuit?

Explain
A SWITCH is an electrical device having two states, on or off (open or close): zero
impedance when closed and infinite impedance when open.

1. PUSH
BUTTON/TACT
SWITCH reacts to user
interaction with the button
or switch when it makes
contact with the control
panel beneath.

2. A SINGLE POLE
SINGLE THROW
SWITCH (SPST) is a
basic ON and OFF switch
consisting of one input
contact and one output
contact.
3. SINGLE POLE
DOUBLE THROW
SWITCH (SPDT) is
a switch consists of 2
poles that means it
includes 2 identical
switches located on side
by side.
4. A DOUBLE POLE
DOUBLE THROW
SWITCH (DPDT) is a
dual ON/OFF switch
consisting of two ON
positions. It has six
terminals: two are input
contacts and the remaining
four are the output
contacts. TechFactors Copyright 2020
5. TOGGLE
SWITCH is manually
actuated (or pushed up
or down) by a
mechanical handle, lever
or rocking mechanism.
These are commonly
used as light control
switches. TechFactors Copyright 2020
Evaluate
What is the first picture? ________how about the 2nd? _______

What is the purpose of the heart in the body?
What is the purpose of a switch in a circuit connection ?
What do you think is the relationship between the two or their similarities?

Project: Working with
Push-Button Switch
Lesson14: Project: Working with Push-Button Switch
Humans can be able to do their jobs because of energy just like

robots. Unlike humans who get this energy from the food, robots gain
energy from its power supply. Humans will stop working when they
get tired, robots are not. Robots have a switch that is very important in
allowing and stopping it from working. This part of robots connects
and breaks the flow of electricity. Electronic switches are used to
perform all logical functions.

Target Outcomes:
 Define what a push button.
 Differentiate the types switches.

Evaluate

Evaluate

Breadboard: Module 2 (Lesson 8)

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Breadboard

Breadboards are one of the most fundamental pieces when learning

TechFactors Copyright 2020

At the end of the discussion, the students should be able to:

 Name and identify the parts of a breadboard.

Explain the use of a breadboard.

TechFactors Copyright 2020

Are you familiar with this one?

TechFactors Copyright 2020

BREADBOARD – is used to create circuits and connect

How can you relate the function of a breadboard to the

TechFactors Copyright 2020

A Breadboard is used to create circuits and connect different sensors and

actuators to the Arduino board. It also refers to a solderless breadboard.

TechFactors Copyright 2020

TechFactors Copyright 2020

TechFactors Copyright 2020

TechFactors Copyright 2020

TechFactors Copyright 2020

TechFactors Copyright 2020

In this lesson students perform experiments using two different types

TechFactors Copyright 2020

At the end of the discussion, the students should be able to:

 Name and identify the parts of a circuit connection and LED.

 Explain the use of a circuit connection and LED.

 Perform wiring connections with a breadboard and LED.D. Learning

TechFactors Copyright 2020

TechFactors Copyright 2020

TechFactors Copyright 2020

TechFactors Copyright 2020

At the end of the discussion, the students should be able to:

 Build and key in the code based on the circuit diagram.

TechFactors Copyright 2020

TechFactors Copyright 2020

TechFactors Copyright 2020

TechFactors Copyright 2020

TechFactors Copyright 2020

TechFactors Copyright 2020

TechFactors Copyright 2020

TechFactors Copyright 2020

TechFactors Copyright 2020

TechFactors Copyright 2020

However, using an LED without a series resistor is a sure-fire way to kill

TechFactors Copyright 2020

LED (from the left is connected to digital pin number

TechFactors Copyright 2020

TechFactors Copyright 2020

At the end of the discussion, the students should be able to:

 Differentiate controls based on its structure

TechFactors Copyright 2020

TechFactors Copyright 2020

1. What was the statement tells you?

Conditional Control Structure​

TechFactors Copyright 2020

If false, the program skips over the statement.

TechFactors Copyright 2020

TechFactors Copyright 2020

curly braces) as long as the condition is true.

TechFactors Copyright 2020

TechFactors Copyright 2020

It is most useful when you want something to happen a couple of times.

TechFactors Copyright 2020

TechFactors Copyright 2020

Conditional Control Structure

What is the first picture? __how about the 2nd? _