GENERAL

MATHEMATICS- 11
QUARTER 1

MR. JAYSON M. MAGALONG

SUBJECT TEACHER
 Functions

Lesson 1
Functions as Models
OBJECTIVES
After going through this lesson,
students are expected to:
1. Recall the concepts of relations and
functions;
2. define and explain functional
relationship as a mathematical model of
situation; and
3. represent real-life situations using
functions, including piece-wise function.
 Welcome to the first lesson of
your General Mathematics. This
lesson will give you the practical
application of functions in a real-life
scenario including the piece-wise
function. When you are in Grade 8,
you already encountered relation and
function.
 RELATION
- pairs of quantities that are related to
each other

Example: The area A of a circle is related

to its radius r by the formula

A  r . 2
 FUNCTION

There are different kinds of relations.

When a relation matches each item from

one set with exactly one item from a
different set the relation is called a
function.
 Definition of a Function
 A function is a relationship between two
variables such that each value of the first
variable is paired with exactly one value of the
second variable.

 The domain is the set of permitted x values.

 The range is the set of found values of y.

These can be called images.
https://byjus.com/maths/relations-and-functions/
Given the following ordered pairs, which
relations are functions?
A = {(1,2), (2,3), (3,4), (4,5)}
B = {(3,3), (4,4), (5,5), (6,6)}
C = {(1,0), (0, 1, (-1,0), (0,-1)}
D = {(a,b), (b, c), (c,d), (a,d)}
The relations A and B are functions because
each element in the domain corresponds to a unique
element in the range. Meanwhile, relations C and D
are not functions because they contain ordered pairs
with the same domain [C = (0,1) and (0,-1), D = (a,b)
and (a,d)].
 A and B are functions since all the
values of x corresponds to exactly one
value of y. Unlike table C, where -1
corresponds to two values, 4 and 1. We
can also identify a function given a
diagram.
On the following mapping diagrams,
which do you think represent functions?
The relations A and C
are functions
because each
element in the
domain corresponds
to a unique element
in the range.
However, B is a mere
relation and not
function because
there is a domain
which corresponds
to more than one
range.
 How about if the given are graphs of
relations, can you identify which are functions?
Do you still remember the vertical line test? Let’s
recall

A relation between two sets of numbers can be

illustrated by graph in the Cartesian plane, and
that a function passes the vertical line test.
A graph of a relation is a function if any vertical
line drawn passing through the graph intersects
it at exactly one point.
A and C are graphs of functions while B
and D are not because they do not pass
the vertical line test
 We said that for a relation to
become a function, the value of the
domain must correspond to a single
value of the range. There is the input
and the output relationship. So, let’s
read the following situations that show
function and in your own words explain
how each scenario depicts function
 Let’s read the following situations that
show function and in your own words
explain how each scenario depicts
function.
1. Mark went to 8-12 store to buy some soda. He
puts money, punches a specific button, then the
soda drops from the slot machine. What is the
function rule?
 The situations above all illustrate functions. The
function rule in the first situation is the product price.
The input (domain) is the money used by Mark
combined with selected button while the output (range)
is the product. This also shows a one-to-one
correspondence where a specific amount corresponds
to a specific product.
 2. Margareth is being paid ₱ 50.00 per hour in
doing a certain job. Working 5 days a week for 8
hours per day, she’s able received ₱ 2,000 per
week. How do the situation illustrate a function?

 A weekly salary is a function of the hourly pay

rate and the number of hours worked. This
function was being illustrated by the third
situation where Margareth was being paid for her
doing a specific job. This could also illustrate a
many-to-one relationship where the employees
(domain) including Margareth is receiving the
same amount of salary (range).
All the given situations above can be
illustrated using what we call a function machine.
The Function Machine
Function can be illustrated as a machine where
there is the input and the output. When you put an
object into a machine, you expect a product as output
after the process being done by the machine. For
example, when you put an orange fruit into a juicer,
you expect an orange juice as the output and not a
grape juice. Or you will never expect to have two
kinds of juices - orange and grapes.
 You have learned that function can be
represented by equation. Since output (y) is
dependent on input (x), we can say that y is a
function of x. For example, if a function machine
always adds three (3) to whatever you put in it.
Therefore, we can derive an equation of x + 3 = y or
f(x) = x+ 3 where f(x) = y.

Let’s try to create equations using the following

situations.
A. If height (H) is a function of age (a), give a
function H that can represent the height of a person
in (a) age, if every year the height is added by 2
inches.
Solution:
Since every year the height is added by 2 inches, then
the height function is 𝑯(𝒂) = 𝟐 + a

B. If distance (D) is a function of time (t), give a

function D that can represent the distance a car
travels in t time, if every hour the car travels 60
kilometers.

Solution:
Since every hour, the car travels 60 kilometers,
therefore the distance function is given by 𝑫(𝒕) = 𝟔0t
C. Give a function B that can represent the amount
of battery charge of a cellular phone in h hour, if
12% of battery was loss every hour.

Solution:
Since every hour losses 12% of the battery, then the
amount of battery function is 𝑩(𝒉) = 𝟏00 − 𝟎. 𝟏2h
 Piecewise Functions
A piecewise function is a function in
which more than one formula is used to
define the output. Each formula has its own
domain, and the domain of the function is
the union of all these smaller domains. We
notate this idea like this:
1. A user is charged ₱250.00 monthly for a
particular mobile plan, which includes 200
free text messages. Messages in excess of
200 are charged ₱1.00 each. Represent the
monthly cost for text messaging using the
function t(m), where m is the number of
messages sent in a month.
2. A certain chocolate bar costs ₱50.00 per
piece. However, if you buy more than 5 pieces
they will mark down the price to ₱48.00 per
piece. Use a piecewise function to represent
the cost in terms of the number of chocolate
bars bought.
3. The cost of hiring a catering service to
serve food for a party is ₱250.00 per head for
50 persons or less, ₱200.00 per head for 51
to 100 persons, and ₱150.00 per head for
more than 100. Represent the total cost as a
piecewise function of the number of
attendees to the party.
Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer
and write the chosen letter on sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following is not true about function?
a. Function is composed of two quantities where one
depends on the other.
b. One-to-one correspondence is a function.
c. Many-to-one correspondence is a function.
d. One-to-many correspondence is a function.
2. In a relation, what do you call the y values or the
output?
a. Piecewise
b. Range
c. Domain
d. Independent
 Functions

Lesson 2
EVALUATING FUNCTIONS
OBJECTIVES:
After going through this lesson,
students are expected to:
1. recall the process of substitution;
2. identify the various types of functions;
and
3. evaluate functions.
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.
 Finding the value of “x” for most of the
students is what Mathematics is all about.
Sometimes, it seems to be a joke for the students to
evaluate an expression, like what is shown by the
illustration.
 TYPES OF FUNCTION
Read and analyze some of the common types of
functions that you might encounter as you go on with this
module.
 Learning the different types of function is
essential in this lesson. Because you will
encounter those types as we proceed with
evaluating functions.
 When we say evaluating function, is the
process of determining the value of the function
at the number assigned to a given variable.
Just like in evaluating algebraic expressions,
you just need to: a.) replace each letter in the
expression with the assigned value and b.)
perform the correct order of operations in the
expression.
 LOOK AT THESE EXAMPLES!
1: Given f (x) = 2x − 4, find the value of the function if x = 3.
2. Given g(x) = 3x^2 + 7 , find g(−3) .
3. Given p(x ) = 3x^2+5x-2 , find p(0) and p(−1) .
4. Given f (x) = 5x +1, find f (h +1).
5. Given g(x) = 3x − 2 , find g(9).
6. Evaluate f(x) = ;if x = 3/2.
7.

8.

9.

10
.
 Functions
Lesson 3
OPERATIONS ON
FUNCTIONS
 OBJECTIVES
After going through this lesson, you
are expected to:
1. define operations on functions;
2. identify the different operations on
functions; and
3. perform addition, subtraction,
multiplication, division, and
composition of functions.
 SAVE FOR A CAUSE
Thru inspiration instilled by their parents
and realization brought by Covid-19 pandemic
experience, Neah and Neoh, both Senior High
School students decided to save money for a
charity cause. Neah has a piggy bank with
₱10.00 initial coins inside. She then decided
to save ₱5.00 daily out of her allowance.
Meanwhile, Neoh who also has a piggy bank
with ₱5.00 initial coin inside decided to save
₱3.00 daily. Given the above situation, answer
the following questions:
1.What functions can represent the
amount of their savings in terms of
number of days?
2.How much money will be saved by
Neah and Neah after 30 days? after
365 days or 1 year? their combined
savings for one year?
 In the previous lesson, you learned to
represent real life situations to functions and
evaluate a function at a certain value. The scenario
presented above is an example of real world
problems involving functions. This involves two
functions representing the savings of the two senior
high school students.
 Operations on functions are similar to
operations on numbers. Adding, subtracting and
multiplying two or more functions together will result
in another function. Dividing two functions together
will also result in another function if the denominator
or divisor is not the zero function. Lastly, composing
two or more functions will also produce another
function.
The following are prerequisite skills before
moving through this lesson:
 Rules for adding, subtracting, multiplying and
dividing fractions and algebraic expressions, real
numbers (especially fractions and integers).
 Evaluating a function.
 Answer each question by matching column A
with column B. Write the letter of the correct answer at
the blank before each number.
 Composition of functions:
In composition of functions, we will
have a lot of substitutions. You learned in
previous lesson that to evaluate a function,
you will just substitute a certain number in all
of the variables in the given function.
Similarly, if a function is substituted to all
variables in another function, you are
performing a composition of functions to
create another function. Some authors call
this operation as “function of functions”.