STATEMENT OF THE 1ST SEMESTER

PROBLEM (SOP) SY. 2022-2023

PRACTICAL REASEARCH 2
I. WHAT ARE RESEARCH QUESTIONS?

• The specific or sub questions, called Research Questions

to specify the scope and the method in collecting and
analyzing data, give you the right direction in your
research.
• The research questions formulated give focus to the
research as well as guide the appropriateness of the
decisions the researcher made.
II. TYPES OF RESEARCH QUESTIONS

• 1. Descriptive research questions- ask questions on the

kind,
qualifications, and categories of the subjects or
participants.
• 2. Relation questions – are questions about the nature
and manner of connection between or among variables.
• 3. Causal questions – reasons behind the effects of the
independent variable on the dependent variable is the
focus of these types of research questions.
 III. APPROACHES TO QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH QUESTIONS

• 1. Deductive approach – goes from bigger ideas such as

theories or concepts to smaller ideas.
• 2. Inductive approach – focus on description of things to
prove. Central to this approach are specific details to
prove the validity of a certain theory or concept.
 IV. EXAMPLES OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
QUESTIONS

• Directions: Identify whether the following are

Descriptive, Relation, or Causal research
questions.
1. What is the relationship between the time spent in
studying and the grades of students?
2. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of age,
gender, average family income, and distance of their house
from school?
 IV. EXAMPLES OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
3. What is the impact of social media to the academic
performance of students?

4. What are the effects of Covid19 pandemic to the

study habits of students?

5. Is there a significant difference with the scores of the

respondents during the pretest and posttest?
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION 1ST SEMESTER
SY. 2022-2023

PRACTICAL REASEARCH 2
I. WHAT IS SCOPE AND DELIMITATION?

• The scope and delimitation of the study sets boundaries

and parameters of the problem inquiry and narrows down
the scope of the inquiry.
• The scope is the domain of your research-what is in the
domain, and what is not.
• You need to make as clear as possible what you will be
studying and what factors are within the accepted range
of your study.
II. SCOPE VS. DELIMITATION

• Scope and delimitations are two elements of a

research paper or thesis.
• The scope of a study explains the extent to which
the research area will be explored in the work and
specifies the parameters within which the study
will be operating.
II. SCOPE VS. DELIMITATION

• For example, let us say a researcher wants to study the impact of

mobile phones on the behavior patterns of elementary school
children. However, it is not possible for the researcher to cover
every aspect of the topic. So, the scope will have to be narrowed
down to a certain section of the target population. In this case,
the scope might be narrowed down to a group of 50 children in
grades 3-5 of one specific school. Their behavior patterns in
school may have been observed for a duration of 6 months.

• These would form the delimitations of the study.

II. SCOPE VS. DELIMITATION

• Thus, delimitations are the characteristics that

limit the scope and describe the boundaries of the
study, such as the sample size, geographical
location or setting in which the study takes place,
population traits, etc.
• Source: https://www.editage.com
 III.GUIDELINES IN WRITING THE SCOPE AND
DELIMITATION

The scope and delimitations should include the

following:
• 1. A brief statement of the general purpose of the
study.
• 2. The subject matter and topics studied and discussed.
• 3. The locale of the study, where the data were
gathered or the entity to which the data belong.
 III.GUIDELINES IN WRITING THE SCOPE AND
DELIMITATION

• 4. The population or universe from which the

respondents were selected. This must be large
enough to generalizations significant.
• 5. The period of the study. This is the time, either
months or years, during which the data were
gathered.