Properties

of
Gases
The ATMOSPHERE is all around us . . .
It is an “ocean” of gases that mixed together
Composition
Nitrogen (N) . . . . . . . 78%
Oxygen (O) . . . . . . . 21%
Argon (Ar) . . . . . . . 1%
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) . . . . . . . 0.04%
Water Vapor (H2O) . . . . . . . 0.1%
Traces of other gases like:
He, Ne, Rn, SO2, CH4, NxOx, etc.
Gases do not have a fixed volume.
Gases do not have any fixed shape.
Gases can be easily compressed. When
compress, it will be converted into
liquid. Further compression will turn
into solid.
 The liquified petroleum gas (LPG)
is a gas that has been compressed
into a smaller container causing it to
liquified.
Properties of a Gas

1. Compressibility
2. Expansibility
3. Diffusibility
4. Low Density
5. Exertion of Pressure
Compressibility
– a measure of how much its volume can
be decreased upon the exertion of
pressure.
Expansibility
– is the ability of the gas particles to
increase its volume as a result of the
increase in its temperature.
Diffusibility
- is the capacity of gas molecules to spread
out and mix with the other gas molecules.
The rate of diffusion is the rate of gas mixing.

“Effusion”- escaping of gas in a container

Low Density
– is due to the large intermolecular spaces
of gas molecules. Hence, gases have large
volume compared to its mass that
constitute to a lower density.

SOLID LIQUID GAS

In spite of a very low density,
gases still do have mass.
Exertion of Pressure
– is the ability of a gas to exert pressure in
all directions of its container.

Solids exert pressure on a downward direction against the

surface; liquids on both downward and sideward of its
container; gases in all directions of its container.
Variables that Describe
Gases
1. Volume
2. Temperature
3. Pressure
4. Mass
VOLUME (V) – is the space
occupied by the gaseous
particles at standard
temperature and pressure
conditions.
- has an SI unit of liters (L)
A mole of gas has a volume
of 24m3 or 24000 cm3
To calculate volume of a balloon,

V = 4/3 πr3

To calculate volume of a
cylinder (LPG tank),
V = πr h2
 TEMPERATURE – is the average
kinetic energy of the molecules.
In a hot gas, molecules move
faster than in a cold gas. Hence, the
temperature is greater because of the
increased velocity of the molecules.
 ABSOLUTE ZERO
-is a theoretical
temperature at which
all kinetic motion
completely stops. It is
equal to 0K or -2730C
PRESSURE - is the force exerted by
gaseous molecules as they collide with the
walls of their container.
If the volume and temperature of a
container of gas are held constant, an
increase in the number of gas particles will
result in an increase in pressure, and vice
versa.
Gases naturally move from areas
of high pressure to low pressure.

Aerosol Spray
Evanghelista Torrecili – 1st inventor of barometer (1643)

=760mmHg (column of mercury

that can be supported)

Ex. Passengers in a plane need to wear earplugs

when descending, because the lower the
altitude the stronger the atmospheric pressure
MASS of one mole of a
gas (molar mass) is 40g.
Therefore, the molar
mass of gas is 40 g/mol.
Weight in Greek word is” Baro”
 Variable Symbol SI Unit
Pressure P atm
(atmospher
e)
Volume V L (Liter)
Number of N mol (mole)
Particles
Gas Constant R L atm/K mol
Temperature T K (kelvin)
1atm = 101.325Pa = 760 mmHg = 760 torr
APPLICATIONS
The warm temperature we are
experiencing is from the heat
trapped by the greenhouse
gases (carbon dioxide, methane
and water vapor to name a few).
The basketball is
filled with air. So, it
bounces while you
are dribbling it. The
same is true with the
other kinds of ball.
When you open a can or
bottle of softdrinks, it fizzes
because of the escaping
dissolved carbon dioxide
due to change of pressure.
When the wind blows, it
exerts pressure too.