College of Engineering

Department of Civil Engineering

PLUMBING MATERIALS:
DRAINAGE PIPES AND FITTINGS
Engineering Utilities 2: Module 3

TSU
TARLAC STATE
UNIVERSITY Prepared by Jayson T. Matchado
 Engineering Utilities 2: Module 3

Drainage Pipes and Drainage Fittings

The drainage pipes are

responsible for conveying waste
from the building to an approved
point of disposal.
Drainage fittings, on the other
hand, are pipe accessories within
the drainage system, such as
couplings, bends, wyes, etc.,
which are used to join two or
more pipes together or to change
their direction.
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Types of Drainage Pipes

• Waste pipe. A pipe that carries only liquid waste, excluding human excrement
or fecal matter.
• Soil pipe. A pipe that carries waste from water closets, urinals, or fixtures of
similar function to the building drain. This includes human excrement.
• Storm pipe. A pipe that conveys rainwater from the roof gutter and downspout
to the building's storm drain.
• Vent pipe. A pipe connected to the drainage system that conveys air to and
from the system, preventing water from being siphoned out of the trap.
• Branch pipe. It is a horizontal drainage pipe segment.
• Stack pipe. It is a vertical drainage pipe segment.
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Common Drainage Pipes and Fittings Materials

Asbestos Cement Pipe (ACP) Cast Iron Soil Pipe (CISP) Concrete Pipe Vitrified Clay Pipe

Polyethylene Polyvinyl Chloride Acrylonitrile

Butadiene
Metal Pipes (Iron, Steel, Brass) Plastic Pipe Styrene
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Asbestos Cement Pipe

This type of pipe is made of asbestos fibers combined under pressure with
Portland cement and silica to form a dense and homogeneous material. It
is dense cured for strength.
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Asbestos Cement Pipe

TWO TYPES OF ASBETOS CEMENT PIPE

1. Pressure ACP 2. Non-Pressure ACP

Used for sewer mains, Used for sewer casings for
industrial effluent and electric cables and as storm
process piping, working drains.
pressure ranges at 100,
150, and 200 psi.
NOTE: Asbestos cement pipe (ACP) is remarkably suited for embedment in concrete structure
since both materials have the same properties.
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Asbestos Cement Pipe

COMMON TYPES OF ACP FITTINGS

1. Bends (elbows)
It is used to completely change the
direction in soil, waste, and drain
lines in horizontal, vertical and
diagonal directions.

2. Y (wye) branches
It is used for a diagonal change of
direction and branch connections
of soil, waste, and drainage pipes.

3. T (tee) branches
It is used to join 3 or 4 pipes at
perpendicular directions.
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Cast Iron Soil Pipe

Cast iron soil pipe (CISP) is made from an alloy of iron, carbon and silicon,
with the controlled amounts of manganese, sulfur and phosphorous. This is
primarily used for sanitary drain, waste, and storm systems.
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Cast Iron Soil Pipe

CLASSIFICATIONS OF CAST IRON SOIL PIPE

1. Class A – Extra Heavy (XH) 2. Class B – Service Weight (SV)

Often used for underground Used for general building
applications. installations.
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Cast Iron Soil Pipe

THREE TYPES OF CAST IRON SOIL PIPE

1. Single Hub
Equipped with one hub and one
spigot end and used in the
installation of plumbing in its full length.

2. Double Hub
Constructed with a hub on each
end so it may be cut into two pieces
when a short piece of pipe is
needed.

3. Hubless (No Hub)

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Cast Iron Soil Pipe

TYPES OF JOINTS FOR CAST IRON SOIL PIPE

1. Lead and Oakum

2. Neoprene Compression Gasket
3. Stainless Steel Couplings
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Concrete Pipe

Concrete pipe is cast in metal molds and compacted by tamping or

spinning the molds (centrifugal casting).
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Concrete Pipe

CLASSIFICATIONS OF CONCRETE PIPE

1. Non-Reinforced Concrete Pipe 2. Reinforced Concrete Pipe (RCP)

Used for drainage, sewer
lines and for gravity flow
water supply lines if the
joints are carefully made.
Diameters available range
from 100 mm (4”) to 900
mm (36”).
Made by the addition of
steel wire or steel bars and
is primarily used for sewage
and storm drainage.
Diameters available range
from 300 mm (12”) to 3600
mm (144”).
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Vitrified Clay Pipe

Vitrified clay pipe is extruded from a suitable grade of shale or clay and
fired in kilns producing an extremely hard and dense corrosion resistant
material. It is generally used for underground public sewers, house sewers,
drainage (sanitary and storm) systems and for industrial wastes such as
acids.

Vitrified clay pipe is suitable for most gravity-flow systems and is not
intended for pressure service. It is brittle and cracks when laid on unstable
ground or base.
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Plastic Pipe

Plastic pipe is available in compositions designed for various applications

including drain, waste and vent. (DWV)
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Plastic Pipe

TWO TYPES OF PLASTIC PIPE

1. Polyethylene 2. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

High density P.E. spiral pipe (HDPE)
is used as drainage and sewer pipe
for housing complex, playground, golf
course, industrial farm and stock
farm.
Thermoplastic type which is
composed of molecules of polymers.
Each molecule is a long chain made
of carbon, hydrogen and other atoms
which are melted down and molded.

It is sufficiently flexible to follow

ground contours of snake around
obstacles.
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Basic Plumbing Tools for Drainage Pipes and Fittings