HEALTH/NURSING INFORMATICS

AND TECHNOLOGY

UNIT-1
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
APPLICATIONS FOR PATIENT
CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM AND
NURSING PRACTICE

BY- Mr. AJAY.D

 CHAPTER-1

USE OF COMPTER IN
TEACHING AND
LEARNING
 INTRODUCTION
● Computers are used in many different industries, from business to
medicine. Computer are used for a variety of purposes, including data
processing, communication, entertainment, education, research and
many others. They consist of hardware components, such as the central
processing unit (CPU), memory, storage device, input/output devices
and software programs that enable users to perform various tasks.

● Computer have become an essential tool in many areas of human life

and have revolutionized the way we live, work and communicate.
Modern developments in information communication and educational
technologies forces nurse educators to make a paradigm shift by
redirecting the emphasis from traditional methods of instruction to
compute assisted instruction (CAI) and computer-based learning.
 DEFINITION OF COMPUTER
● A computer is an electronic device that is capable of performing a
wide range of operations automatically, quickly and accurately. It is
a programmable machine that can receive input, process data
according to a set of instructions (program), and produce output.

● A computer is an electronic device that is capable of receiving,

manipulating and transmitting data. It is used for a variety of tasks
including work processing, data analysis, gaming and web
browsing.

● Definition of computer in Nursing Education: In nursing

education, a computer is a digital device that enables access to
information, facilitates communication, and provides tools for
documentation, analysis and evaluation of patient care.
 PURPOSES OF COMPUTER
LEARNING: Computer are used
L
to deliver online courses, provide
D
access to educational resources, and
facilitate interactive learning through
simulation programs.
DOCUMATATION: Electronic
health records (EHRs) are computer-based
systems used to document patient care.
Nursing students must learn how to use
these systems effectively to document and
communicate patient information.

COMMUNICATION: RESEARCH: computers are used

C Computers enable communication
between healthcare provides, patients,
and their families. Nursing students
R to access and analyze research data,
conduct literature reviews and write
research papers.
must learn how to use email,
messaging systems and Tele-health
technologies to communicate
 USES OF COMPUTER IN TEACHING AND
LEARNING IN NURSING
ELECTRONIC HEALTH SIMULATION
RECORDS LEARNING

RESEARCH COMMUNICATION

ONLINE PATIENT
LEARNING EDUCATION
ELECTRONIC HEALTH Computers are used to access and manage EHRs, which contain patient health
RECORDS information. Nursing students learn how to navigate EHRs and document patient care,
which is an essential skill in modern healthcare.

SIMULATION Computers are used to simulate clinical scenarios, allowing nursing students to practice
TRAINING their clinical skills in a safe and controlled environment. Simulation training is
particularly useful for teaching complex procedures and emergency situations.

ONLINE LEARNING Nursing students can access online courses and resources to supplement their learning.
Online learning is especially useful for students who are unable to attend in-person
classes or who need to study at their own pace.

RESEARCH Computers are used to access nursing research databases and analyze research findings.
Nursing students learn how to critically evaluate research and use evidence-based
practice to guide patient care.

COMMUNICATION Computers are used to facilitate communication between nursing students, faculty, and
healthcare professionals. Nursing students learn how to use email, messaging apps, and
teleconferencing tools to communicate effectively in a healthcare settings.

PATIENT EDUCATION Computers are used to provide patients with educational resources about their health
conditions and treatments. Nursing students learn how to access and use patient
education resources to support patient care.
 BENEFITS OF COMPUTER USE IN
NURSING EDUCATION
1.IMPROVED ACCESS TO 5.IMPROVED
INFORMATION. COMMUNICATION

2.ENHANCED LEARNING 6.INCREASED

BENEFITS OF
EXPERIENCES. COMPUTER MOBILITY
USE IN
3. INCREASED EFFICIENCY. NURSING 7. INCREASED
EDUCATION
ENGAGEMENT AND
MOTIVATION

4. PERSONALIZED LEARNING. 8. INCREASED

CRITICAL THINKING
SKILLS
IMPROVED ACCESS Computers enable nursing students to access a wide range of educational
TO INFORMATION resources, including research articles, textbooks and online courses. This
increases the availability and accessibility of information, which can
improve the quality of education.

ENHANCED Computer can be used to simulate clinical scenarios and provide nursing
LEARNING students with hands-on experience in a safe and controlled environment.
EXPERIENCE This can enhance their learning experiences and prepare them for real-
world situation.

INCREASED Computer can automate many routine tasks, such as grading and record
EFFICIENCY keeping, free time for educators to focus on teaching and mentoring
students.

PERSONALIZED Computers can be used to create customized learning experiences that

LEARNING cater to the individual needs and learning styles of nursing students. This
can improve learning outcomes and reduce the risk of students falling
behind.
 IMPROVED Computers can be used to facilitate communication between nursing
COMMUNICATION students, educators and healthcare professionals. Computer-based
communication tools, such as emails, chat rooms and video-conferencing,
allow nurses to exchange ideas and collaborate with other healthcare
professionals.
INCREASED Mobile devices, such as laptop and tab, enable nurses to access educational
MOBILITY materials and resources while on the go.

INCREASED Interactive technologies, such as games and virtual worlds, engage learners
ENGAGEMENT AND in a more immersive way, helping to make learning more enjoyable and
MOTIVATION effective.

IMPROVED Computers can be used to provide nursing students with access to clinical
CRITICAL THINKING decision support system and other tools that can help them develop critical
SKILLS thinking skills. This can improve their ability to make sound clinical
judgment and provide high quality patient care
 CHALLENGES OF COMPUTER USE IN
NURSING EDUCATION
Nursing education has seen an increase in the use of technology in recent years, with computers playing a
significant role in the learning process. While the use of computers in nursing education has numerous benefits,
such as improving students access to information, enhancing learning experiences and promoting critical
thinking, there are also challenges that need to be addressed. Some of these challenges include:

1.LIMITED ACCESS TO 2. TECHNICAL ISSUES 3. LACK OF 4. SECURITY AND

TECHNOLOGY INTERACTION PRIVACY CONCERNS
5. COST 6. RESISTANCE TO 7. TRAINING AND 8. INADEQUATE

CHANGE SUPPORT INFRASTRUCTURE

LIMITED ACCESS Many nurses may not have the resources or access to the latest computer
technology, which can limit the effectiveness of online learning or virtual
TO TECHNOLOGY simulation.

TECHNICAL Technical problems such as hardware and software malformations, network

outages, and internet connectivity issues can disrupt the learning process and cause
ISSUES frustration among students.

LACK OF Computer based learning can lack the interpersonal interaction of a traditional
classroom, which can make it difficult for students to ask questions and receive
INTERACTION feedback.

SECURITY AND Nursing students need to be trained to handle sensitive patient data and protect it
from unauthorized access. This requires robust security measures and the proper use
PRIVACY of technology.
CONCERNS
 COST The cost of technology, including computers, software and peripherals can be a
significant barrier for some nursing programs, especially those with limited budgets.

RESISTANCE TO Not all students are comfortable with technology and some may resist the introduction
of computers in their learning process. This can lead to a lack of engagement and a
CHANGE decrease in motivation to learn.

TRAINING AND Faculty members and students need adequate training and technical support to
effectively use computers in nursing education. Without proper training, students may
SUPPORT not able to take full advantage of the technology, and faculty members may struggle to
incorporate technology into their teaching.

INADEQUATE In some nursing programs, there may be a lack of appropriate infrastructure support
computer use, such as outdated computer labs or insufficient internet band width.
INFRASTRUCTU
RE

Addressing these challenges requires a coordinated effort from nursing programs, faculty members and
students. Nursing programs must invest in the necessary infrastructure, provide adequate training and technical
support to faculty and students and prioritize security and privacy concerns. Faculty members need to be
trained to effectively use computers in teaching and incorporate technology into their lesson plan.
ROLE OF COMPUTER IN DELIVERY OF
EDUCATIONAL CONTENT
1.CLASSROOM BASED 2. ONLINE COURSES
INSTRUCTION

ROLE OF
COMPUTER IN
3.WEBNARS DELIVERY OF 4. VIDEO
LECTURES
EDUCATIONAL
CONTENT
5. INTERACTIVE 5. PODCASTS
SIMULATIONS AND
ACTIVITIES
CLASSROOM-BASED This is a traditional methods of delivering educational content
INSTRUCTION where a teacher presents the content to students in a physical
classroom. The teacher can use various teaching aids such as
a chalkboard, whiteboard or projector to convey content.

ONLINE COURSES Online courses are becoming increasingly popular, especially

in higher education. They allow students to access the content
from anywhere and at any time. Online courses can be
delivered via learning management system (LMS), which
provide students with access to course materials, assessments
and discussion forums.

WEBINARS Webinars are online seminars that allow instruction to deliver

educational content in real-time. They are often used for
professional development or continuing education purposes.
VIDEO LECTURES Video lectures are pre-recorded lectures that can be
accessed by students at their convenience. They can be
delivered via a variety of platforms such as You Tube,
Vimeo or LMS.

INTERACTIVE Interactive simulations and activities allow students to

SIMULATIONS AND engage with the content in a more hands-on way. They can
ACTIVITIES be delivered via computer programs or online platform and
are often used in science, engineering and mathematics
courses.
PODCASTS Podcasts are audio recordings that can be accessed by
students via the internet. They are often used for delivering
educational content in a more conversational and engaging
manner.

Overall, the delivery method chosen for educational content depends on the content type, the
audience and the goals of the instruction. It is important to choose a delivery method that is appropriate for
the content and the audience to ensure effective learning outcomes.
 ROLE OF COMPUTER IN HANDS-ON
EXPERIENCE THROUGH SIMULATION
NURSING EDUCATION
PATIENT
SIMULATORS

VIRTUAL ONLINE
PATIENT SIMULATIONS
SCENARIOS

CLINICAL
SIMULATION LABS
PATIENT SIMULATORS:
Patient simulators are computerized manikins
that mimic real patients, complete with vital signs,
symptoms and responses to treatments. Nursing
students can practice procedures such as
administering medication, inserting IV and
performing assessments on the patient simulator.
VIRTUAL PATIENT SCENARIOS:
Virtual patient scenarios are computer
programs that allow nursing students to practice
decision-making and critical thinking in a virtual
patient care environment. This can include patient
care scenarios, triage situations and emergency
response scenarios.

CLINICAL SIMULATION LABS: ONLINE SIMULATIONS:

Clinical simulation labs are physical spaces
equipped with computerized manikins, medical
equipment, and other tools to simulate patient care
scenarios. Nursing students can practice clinical
skills and procedures in a controlled environment,
with the guidance of instructors and mentors.
Online simulations are computer programs
that allow nursing students to practice clinical skills
and procedures remotely, using a computer or
mobile device. This can include virtual patient care
scenarios, online case studies and interactive
learning modules.

Overall, simulation provides a valuable tool for hands-on experience and training in nursing
education. By using computers to simulate real-world patient care scenarios, nursing students can gain
valuable experience and practice their clinical skills in a safe and controlled environment. This can help to
prepare them for real-world clinical practice and improve patient safety outcomes.
COMPUTER ANALYSIS
HOW WE DOOF STUDENT
PROGRESS IN NURSING
IT EDUCATION

01 02 03 04

ELECTRONIC DATA
LEARNING HEALTH COMPUTERIZ ANALYSIS
MANAGEMEN RECORDS ED ADAPTIVE TOOLS
T SYSTEM TESTING
LEARNING LMSs allows nursing educators to track student progress and performance in real-
MANAGEMENT time, providing detailed report on student progress, course completion rates and
SYSTEMS (LMS) assessment results. This enables nursing educators to identify ideas where
students may be struggling and provide targeted interventions to support students
success.
ELECTRONIC HEALTH HERs allow nursing educators to track student progress in clinical settings,
RECORDS (EHRs) providing detailed records of student performance and clinical experiences. This
can help nursing educators to identify areas where students may need additional
support or remediations.

COMPUTERIZED CAT is a form of computerized testing that adopts to the individual needs and
ADAPTIVE abilities of the students, providing a more accurate and efficient assessment of
TESTING(CAT) student progress. By using CAT, nursing educators can more effectively track
students progress and identify areas where students may needs additional support
or remediation.
DATA ANALYSIS TOOLS Data analysis tools such as learning analysis software, can be used to analyze
student performance data and identify trends and pattern in students behavior.
This can help nursing educators to identify areas where students may be
struggling and provide targeted interventions to support students success.
 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE USE
OF COMPUTERS IN NURSING EDUCATION
 DEVELOP A COMPREHENSIVE TECHNOLOGY PLAN.

 EMPHASIZE THE IMPORTANCE OF TECHNOLOGY SKILLS.

 PROVIDE ONGOING TRAING AND SUPPORT.

 PRIORITIZE SECURITY AND PRIVACY.

 PROMOTE COLLABORATION AND COMMUNICATION.

 EVALUATE AND UPDATE TECHNOLOGY REGULARLY.

 CHAPTER-2
●COMPUTER BASED
INSTRUCTION (CBI)
 INTRODUCTION
● Computer based instruction(CBI) is a form of technology-based learning that uses
computer software to deliver educational content and instruction. CBI can be a
valuable tool in nursing education, providing nursing students with the opportunity to
learn and practice important skills in a safe and controlled environment.

● Here are some ways in which CBI can used in nursing education
INTERACTIVE
SIMULATIONS

SELF
ASSESSMENT CBI MULTIMEDIA
RESOURCES

ADAPTIVE
LEARNING
INTERACTIVE SIMULATION  CBI can be used to create interactive simulations that replicate real-world
healthcare scenarios.
 Nursing students can practice critical thinking and decision making skills in a
safe and controlled environment, and receive feedback on their performance.
 Interactive simulation can be particularly helpful in teaching learning clinical
skills and procedures.
MULTIMEDIA RESOURCES  CBI can be used to provide nursing students with access to multimedia
resources such as vedio, animation and interactive diagrams.
 These resources can help to explain complex concepts and processes and can be
particularly helpful for visual learners.

ADAPTIVE LEARNING  CBI can be used to provide adaptive learning experiences that are tailered to the
individual needs and abilities of each nursing students.
 Adaptive learning software can adjust the difficulty level of content and
instruction based on a students peformance, helping to ensure that each students
is challenged but not overwhelmed.
SELF ASSESSMENT  CBI can be used to provide nursing students with self assessment tools,
allowing them to track their progess and identify areas where they need to
improve.
 Self assessment tools can help nursing students to take ownership of their own
learning and improve their overall performance.
METHODS OF COMPUTER BASED
INSTRUCTION
COMPUTER
AIDED
LEARNING
(CAI)

COMPUTER
MANGED
INSTRUCTIO
N (CMI0

COMPUTER
ASSISTED
INSTRUCTIO
N (CAI)
1.COMPUTER
COMPUTER-AIDED
AIDEDLEARNING
LEARNING(CAI)
(CAI)

● CAI refers to use of computers to supplements traditional classroom instruction,

providing nursing students with access to multimedia resources and interactive
learning tools.
● CAI can help to increase student engagement and motivation and can be particularly
helpful in explaining complex concepts and processes.
● CAI describes an traditional environment where a computer is treated as an aid to an
overall teaching-learning strategy with other methods and aids such as lectures,
demonstrations, projects, textbooks, supplementory books, worksheet etc.
● It is used to complement regular teaching. Here the computer becomes a tool-just like a
chalkboard, a calculator, a pen, a chart, a model, a flash card or a book-that helps
teachers teach and helps their students learn.
● Teachers are resourced with multimedia content to explain topics better and make the
teaching-learning process joyful, interesting, easy to understand.
● The internet provides up-to-date informations.
● Therefore, this mode of instruction employs use of computer in mainly three ways-
whole class instruction; Teacher-Directed student assignment; Teacher’s self learning.
 COMPUTER AIDED LEARNING IN
NURSING EDUCATION
Computer-aided learning is a type of instructional methodology that uses computers and
technology to deliver educational content to learner. CAL can be used in various
educatiuonal settings, including nursing education. Here are some ways CAL can be used
in nursing education:

1.INTERACTIVE
2.SELF-PACED 3.ASSESSMENT
MULTIMEDIA
LEARNING AND FEEDBACK
MODULES

5.
4. CLINICAL
COLLABORATIVE
SIMULATION
LEARNING
INTERACTIVE  CAL can be used to create interactive multimedia modules that simulate real
MULTIMEDIA life patient care scenarios. Thjese can help nursing students develop critical
MODULES: thinking and decision making skills in a safe controlled environment.

SELF-PACED  CAL can be used to provide self-paced learening to nursing students. This
LEARNING: allows students work at their own pace and provides them with the
flexibilityto acces educational content whenever and wherever they want.

ASSESSMENT AND  CAL can be used to provide instant feedback to nursing students on their
FEEDBACK: performance. This can be done through quizzes, simulations and other
interactive activities.
 Immediate feedback helps students to identify areas where they need
improvement and provides them with opportunities for future learning.
CLINICAL  CAL can be used to create clinical simulations that allow nursing students to
SIMULATION: practice their clinical skills in a safe and controlled nursing procedures.

COLLABORATIVE  CAL can be used to facilitate collaborative learning among nursing students.
LEARNING: This can be done through online discussion forums, group projects and other
collaborative activities.
2.COMPUTER MANAGED-INSTRUCTION
(CMI)
 Computers are tools that can be used not only to assist teachers as they teach but also
to help with classroom management.
 CMI is an instructional strategy wherby the computer is used to provide learning
objectives, learning resources, record keeping, progress tracking, assessment of learner
performance, prescribe and control individualized lessons.
 The students does not necessarily interact with the computer system.
 The learner may be on-line to take tests. In addition, the computer can diagnose the
learning needs of students and prescribe optional sequences of instyruction for them.
 Computer-Managed instruction is a type of technology-assisted instruction that allows for the
organization and management of educational content and activities through computer programs. In nursing
education, CMI can be used to create individualized learning plans for students and track their progress throught
the curriculum.

Benefits of CMI in nursing education includes,

1.Provide personalized learning experiences that are tailored to each students needs and learning style.

2. Automate the grading and evaluation of assignments and assessments, saving time for educators and
providing immediate feedback to students.

3. Track student progress and performance over time, identifying areas where additional support or resources
may be needed.

4.Deliver educational content in a variety of formats, including text, images, videos and interactive simulations.

5. Facilitate collaboration and communication among students and educators, even when they are not physically
present in the same location.

Overall, CMI is a powerful tool for enhancing the quality and effectiveness of nursing education, allowing
educators create engaging, interactive learning experiences that are tailred to the needs of individual students.
3.COMPUTER ASSISTED-INSTRUCTION
(CAI)
The term CAI has been for any program where the computer does the teaching directly.
CAI involves the uses of computer to deliver instructional content and provide
feedback on students performance. CAI can include interactive simulation, self-
assessment tools and other forms of technology-based learning. CAI can help nursing
students to practice critical thinking and decision-making skills in a safe and controlled
environment, and can provide immediate feedback on their performance.

CAI refers to mode of instruction in which a students directly interacts with a computer and
learns through lessons programmed into the computer. Here, computer is used for
instructional tasks. The role of the teacher is to provide guidance to students in using
this teacher independent, self-instructional material on a computer at college or at
home.
1.COMPUTER ASSISTED INSTRUCTION
IN NURSING EDUCATION
INTERACTIVE
SIMULATION

MULTIMEDIA SELF
RESOURCES ASSESSMENT

ADAPTIVE
LEARNING
 INTERACTIVE CAI can be used to create interactive simulation that replicate real-world healthcare
SIMULATION scenarios. Nursing students can practice critical thinking and decision making skills
in a safe and controlled environment, and receive immediate feedback on their
performance. Interactive simulation can be particularly helpful in teaching clinical
skills and procedures.
SELF ASSESSMENT CAI can be used to provide nursing students with self-assessment tools, allowing
them to track their progress and identify areas where they need to improve. Self
assessment tools can help nursing students to take ownership of their own learning
and improve their overall performance.

ADAPTIVE LEARNING CAI can be used to provide nursing students with adaptive learning experiences that
are tailored to their individual needs and abilities. Adaptive learning software can
adjust the difficulty level of content and instruction based on a students
performance, helping to ensure that each students is challenged but nor
overwhelmed.
MULTIMEDIA CAI can be used to provide nursing students with access to multimedia resources
RESOURCES such as video, animations and interactive diagrams. These resources can help to
explain complex concepts and processes, and can be particularly helpful for visual
learners.
 CHAPTER-3
●Computers in research
 DEFINITION
Computer in nursing research refers to the uses of electronic devices and technologies
such as computer, software program, database and internet-based tools, to support and
facilitate the process of conducting research in the field of nursing.

 The use of computers in nursing research allows researchers to collect, manage,

analyze and present data more efficiently and effectively, enabling them to make
evidence-based recommendations for nursing practice.
 It also enables collaboration and communication among researchers, facilitating the
sharing knowledge and ideas across different geographic locations and disciplines.
 BENEFITS OF COMPUTER IN NURSING
RESEARCH

4. INCREASED
1. IMPROVED 2. ENHANCED 3. INPROVED 5. DATA
ACCESS TO
EFFICIENCY ACCURACY COLLABORATION VISUALIZATION
INFORMATION
 IMPROVED Computers can help researchers to collect, manage and analyze data more efficiently,
EFFICIENCY saving time and reducing the likelihood of errors.

ENHANCED Computer can help researchers avoid errors in data collection and analysis.
ACCURACY Automated tools can help ensure that data is entered and analyzed consistently and
accurately, reducing the risk of human error.

IMPROVED Computer can help researchers collaborate with colleagues, both locally and
COLLABORATION globally. Online tools can facilitate communication and data sharing among
researchers, making it easier to work together on complex research projects.

INCREASED ACCESS Computers can provide researchers with access to a vast amount of information,
TO INFORMATION including electronic medical records, online database and electronic journals. This
allows researchers to stay up-to-date on the latest research and best practices in
nursing.
DATA VISUALIZATION Computers can help researchers present data in a more visual and engaging way,
making it easier for other to understand and interpret research findings.
 DISADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER IN
NURSING RESEARCH

4. SECURITY
2.LEARNING 3. TECHNICAL
1.COST AND PRIVACY 5.BIAS
CURVE DIFFICULTIES
CONCERNS
 COST Computers and software programs can be expensive and the
initial investment in technology may be restricted for some
researchers and institutions.

LEARNING Using computers and electronic tools may require a learning

CURVE curve for some researchers, particularly those who are less
facilities with technology.

TECHNICAL Computer systems can be vulnerable to technical problems,

DIFFICULTIES such as hardware malfunctions software crashes, and
network issues.

SECURITY AND Computers can be vulnerable to security breaches and

PRIVACY privacy violations. Researchers must take appropriate steps
CONCERNS to protect sensitive data, such as using secure password.

BIAS Computers may be vulnerable to bias, just like humans. This

can happen if the algorithms used to analyze data are biased,
or if the data collection methods favor certain groups or
individuals.
 USES OF COMPUTER IN NURSING
RESEARCH

1.DATA 4. ONLINE
COLLECTION 2. STATISTICAL 3.LITERATURE SURVEY AND 5. DATA
AND ANALYSIS REVIEWS FOCUS VISUALIZATION
MANAGEMENT GROUPS
 DATA Computer can be used to collect and manage research data, including
COLLECTION patient records, surveys and other sources of data. This allows
AND researchers to store and analyze large amounts of data efficiently and
MANAGEMENT accurately.
STATISTICAL Statistical software programs can be used to analyze research data and
ANALYSIS identify trends, relationships and patterns. These tools enable researchers
to draw conclusions from their data and make evidence based
recommendation for nursing practice.
LITERATURE Computers can be used to conduct systematic literature reviews, which are
REVIEWS critical to the development of evidence based nursing practice.
ONLINE SURVEYS Computers and the internet can be used to conduct surveys and focus
AND FOCUS groups with participants who are geographically dispersed.
GROUPS

DATA Computers can be used to create visual representation of research data,

VISUALIZATION such as graphs and charts. These visualization can help researchers
communicate their findings to others and make complex data easier to
understand.
COMPUTER IN RESEARCH PROCESS

CONCEP
TION
PHASE
DESIGN
DISSEM AND
INATION PLANNI
PHASE NG
PHASE

ANALYT EMPIRI
IC CAL
PHASE PHASE
1. CONCEPTION PHASE:
In nursing research, the
conception phase involves,
 The development of a
research question.
 The identification of relevant
concepts and variables.
 The creation of a theoretical
framework or conceptual
model.
Computer can be used in
various ways during this phase
to support and enhance the
research process.
It includes,
1.Literature review.
2.Concept mapping.
3.Collaboration.
4.Data visualization.
2.DESIGN AND PLANNING
PHASE:
In nursing research, the design
and planning phase involves,
 The development of a
research design.
 The selection of appropriate
methods and instruments.
 The planning of data collection
and analysis.
Computer can be used in
various ways during this phase
to support and enhance the
research process.
It includes,
1.Research design.
2.Data collection.
3.Data analysis.
4.Visualization.
3. EMPIRICAL PHASE:
In nursing research, the
empirical phase involves,
 The collection and analysis of
data to answer the research
questions and test hypothesis.
Computer play an important
role in this phase by facilitating
the management and analysis of
large amounts of data..
It includes,
1.Data collection.
2.Data management.
3.Data analysis.
4.Data visualization.
5.Data sharing.
4. DATA ANALYSIS PHASE:
Data analysis is a crucial
step in nursing research that
involves processing and
interpretation collected data to
draw conclusions and make
inferences. Computer play a vital
role in data analysis in nursing
research by providing tools for
storing, managing and analyzing
data.
It includes,
1.Statistical analysis.
2.Qualitative analysis.
Data visualization.
Machine learning.
Data cleaning.
5. DISSEMINATION PHASE:
Computers play a significant role in the dissemination of nursing
research findings. With the help of computers, researchers can easily
publish their findings and make them available to a wider audience
through various electronic means.

This includes, online databases, academic journals and research

repositories.
 CHAPTER-4
●Computers in nursing
practice
 INTRODUCTION
● Computer in nursing practice is the use of computer technology and software to assist
in the delivery of nursing care. This may include the use of Electronic Medical
Records(EMRs) to document and store patient information, telemedicine technologies
to remotely monitor patients, and use of computer-aided decision making to assistwith
clinical decision making.
● Computer uses in nursing practice also includes the uses of technology to enhance
communication between patient and healthcare providers, improve patient education
and provide access to onlinehealth resource.
 DEFINITION
● Computer in nursing practice refers to the uses of technology and computer based
sysstems to support and enhance nursing carre.

It includes the use of electronic health records (EHRs), clinical decision support
system,tele-health tecyhnologies and other computer based tools that assist nurses in their
daily work.
 IMPORTANCE OF COMPUTER IN NURSING
PRACTICE

ACCESS TO Computers, particularly electronic health records(EHRs), provide nurses with instant
PATIENT access to comprehensive patient information, including medical history, medications,
INFORMATION allergies and test results.
CLINICAL Computer clinical decision support systems provide nurses with real-time information
DECISION on best practices and evidence-based guidences for patient care. This can help nurses to
SUPPORT make more informed decision and to provide more effective care.
IMPROVED Computer support communication among healthcare providers, enabling nurses to
COMMUNICATION collaborate and share patient information with other members of the healthcare team.
 MEDICATION Computerized medication administration systems (CMAS) help to ensure that
ADMINISTRATION patients receive the correct medication at the right time, reducing the risk of
medication errors.
TELE-HEALTH Computers support tele-health technologies, enabling nurses to provide care remotely
and to monitor patient from a distance. This is particularly important for patient who
are unable to travel or who live in rural.
DATA ANALYSIS Computers support data collection and analysis, enabling nurses to track patient
outcomes and to identify areas for improvement in nursing practice.
 ENHANCED PATIENT SAFETY IN NURSING
PRACTICE

ELECTRONIC CLINICAL BARCODE

HEALTH DECISION MEDICATION PATIENT TELE-HEALTH
RECORDS SUPPORT ADMINISTRATION MONITORING
SYSTEM SYSTEM
ELECTONIC HEALTH EHRs can help to prevent medical errors by providing nurses with real-time access
RECORDS to a patients medical history, medications,allergies and other important information.
This information can help nurses to make informed decision about patient care,
avoid medication errors and prevent adverse drug reactions.

CLINICAL DECISION CDSS can help to improve patient safety by providing nurses with evidence-based
SUPPORT SYSTEM recommendations and alert. CDSS can help nurses to identify potential medication
errors, drug interactions and other safety issues, and can improve the accuracy and
timeliness of clinical decision making.

BARCODE MEDICATION BCMA is a computerized system that uses barcode to identify patient and
ADMINISTRATION medications, helping to prevent medication error. When a nurse scans a patients
barcode and the medications barcode the system verifies that the right medication
is beig given to the right patient at the right time.

PATIENT MONITORING PMS use computerized technology to monitor a patients vital signs such as heart
SYSTEM rate, blood pressure and oxygen saturation. These system can help nurses to
detect early warming signs of potential complications and intervene before they
become serious.

TELE-HEALTH Tele-health can improve patient safety by allowing nurses to monitor patient
remotely and provide timely interventions when needed. It can be used to monitor
patient with chronic conditions and prevent hospital readmissions.
TELE HEALTH IN NURSING PRACTICE
VIRTUAL
CONSULTATION

COLLABORATION REMOTE
WITH OTHER PATIENT
HEALTH CARE MONITORING
PROVIDERS

EDUCATION AND
COUNSELLING
VIRTUAL Tele-health allows nurses to conduct virtual
CONSULTATION consultations with patients, providing access
to healthcare services from the comfort of
their own homes.

REMOTE PATIENT Tele-health allows nurses to monitor patient

MONITORING remotely, using sensors and other devices to
track vital signs and vital signs and other
health indicators.

EDUCATION AND Tele-health can be used to provide patiuent

COUNSELING with education and counselling, such as tips
for managing chronic conditions or guidance
on healthy lifestyle choice.

COLLABORATION WITH Tele-health can be used to facilitate

OTHER HEALTHCARE collaboration between nurses and other
PROVIDERS healthcare provides such as physician,
specialists and pharmacists.
COLLABORATION IN NURSING PRACTICE

INTER-
PROFESSIONAL
COLLABORATION

QUALITY
MULTIDISCIPLINALRY
IMPROVEMENT
TEAMS
INITIATIVES

PATIENT AND FAMILY

MEMBERS
INTER- Nurses often work with other healthcare providers,
PROFESSIONAL such as physicians, pharmacists and physical
COLLABORATION therapiests, to develop and implement care plan
for patients.
MULTIDICIPLINARY In some healthcare settings, nurses may work as
TEAMS part of a multidisciplinary teams which includes
professionals from a range of healthcare
specialists.
PATIENT AND Nurses also collaborate with patients and their
FAMILY families to develop care plans that are tailered to
COLLABORATION the patients individual needs and preferences.

QUALITY Collabaration is also essential in quality

IMPROVEMENT improvement innitiatives, as nurse often work with
INITIATIVES other healthcare providers to identify areas for
improvement in patient care and develop targeted
improvement initiatives.
 CHALLENGES OF COMPUTER IN
NURSING PRACTICE

1.TECHNOLOGICAL ISSUES
2.TRAINING AND EDUCATION
3.DATA PRIVACY AND SECURITY
4.INTEGRATION WITH EXISTING WORKFLOWS
5.SYSTEM COMPATIBILITY
6.COST
7.RESISTANCE TO CHANGE.
 USES OF COMPUTER IN NURSING
PRACTICE
1. PATIENT APPOINTMENTS
2. FOLLOW-UP
3. BILLING
4. INVENTORIES OF DRUG AND SUPPLIES
5. STAFF DETAILS
6. RECORDS AND REPORTS
7. PRISCRIPTION
8. INVESTIGATIONS
9. DRUG DOSAGES
10. PATIENT EDUCATION
11. IN PATIENT CARE
CHAPTER-5
windows
 INTRODUCTION
● Windows is an operating system (OS) developed and maintained by Microsoft
Corporation.
● Windows was first released in 1985 and since than it has gone through several major
updates and versions including Windows 2.0, Windows 3.0, Windows 95, Windows
98, Window 2000, Windows XP, Window Vista, Window 7, Window 8 and the current
version window 10.
● Windows provides users with a variety of features and tools, including a file manager,
taskbar, control panel, search function it compatible with a broad range of device and
application.
 COMPONENTS OF WINDOWS
KERNEL The kernel is the central component of the operating system that manages
memory, process and input output operations.
FILE SYSTEM Windows supports several file systems including FAT, NTFS AND exFAT. The
file system manages how files are stored and organized on a hard drive.
DEVICE DRIVES These are software components that enables hardware devices to
communicate with the operating system.
USER INTERFACE This includes desktop, taskbar and start menu as well as various windows and
dialog boxes.
APPLICATIONS It includes Microsoft Office, Internet Explorer and Windows media player.

NETWORKING Windows includes networking components that allow users to connect to other
computers, share files and resources.
SECURITY Windows includes various security components such as windows firewall and
window Defender that help protect against viruses, malware and other threats.
 WINDOWS APPLICATIONS
MICROSOFT OFFICE SUITE This includes Word, Excel, Power point and outlook which is commonly used in
business, education and personal settings.
WEB BROWSERS This includes Microsoft Edge, Google, Chrome, Mozilla, Firefox and Opera.

MEDIA PLAYERS In includes a built in media player called Windows media players.

GRAPHS AND DESIGN It includes Adobe Photoshop, Illustrator and In Design.

APPLICATION
ANTIVIRUS AND SECURITY It includes Norton, McAfee and Avast.
SOFTWARE
MESSAGING AND It includes Skype, Zoom and Slack.
COMMUNICATION APPS
GAMING Steam and Microsoft store

VIRTUAL ASSISTANTS Cortana which setting reminders and conducting web searches.
USES OF WINDOWS APPLICATIONS IN
NURSING
● ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORDS

● NURSING EDUCATION SOFTWARE

● COMMUNICATION TOOLS

● MEDICAL IMAGING SOFTWARE

● PATIENT MONITORING SOFTWARE

CHAPTER-6
Ms office
CHAPTER-7
Ms Word document
CHAPTER-8
Ms Excel document
 CHAPTER-9
Ms power point presentation
CHAPTER-10
●internet
 INTRODUCTION
● The internet is a global network of interconnected computers and serves that allows
individuals to access and share information, communicate with each other and conduct
business transactions.
● The internet enables people to access and share information, engage in commerce,
connect with others.

● Terms in internet

URL (UNIFORM RESOURCE LOCATOR)

IP address (INTERNET PROTOCOL ADDRESS)
Domain name
HTTP (HYPERTEXT TRANSFER PROTOCOL)
HTML (HYPERTEXT MAEKUP LANGUAGE)
USES OF INTERNET IN HEALTH
WAYS TO CONNECT TO INTERNET
WIRED
CONN
ECTIO
N

WIRE
LESS
CONN
ECTI
ON
MOBILE
CONNECTI
ON
SATELIT
E
CONNE
CTION

FIBER-
OPTIC
CONNE
CTION

BROADBAND
CONNECTIO
N
WIRED CONNECTION This is the most common way to connect to the internet. Connect device such
as a computer, laptop or smart TV to modem or router using an Ethernet cable.

WIRELESS CONNECTION Connect to the internet wirelessly using Wi-Fi.

MOBILE CONNECTION Use Smartphone hotspot to connect computers and tabs.

SATELLITE CONNECTION This is the good options for people who live in rural areas where wired internet
is not available. A satellite internet connection requires a satellite dish and
modem.
FIBER-OPTIC CONNECTION This is the faster and most reliable internet connection but not available in all
areas.

BROADBAND CONNECTION This is a high speed internet connection that uses a cable or modem. It is
available in most areas, but the speed and quality of the connection can vary
depending on location.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF
INTERNET IN NURSING
DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES
1. SECURITY RISK
1. COMMUNICATION
2. MISINFORMATION
2. INFORMATION
3. ADDICTION
GATHERING
4. ISOLATION
3. ENTERTAINMENT
5. DIGITAL DIVIDE
4. ONLINE SHOPPING
5. EDUCATION
 CHAPTER-11
●LITERATURE SEARCH
 STEPS OF LITERATURE REVIEW
1. DEFINE THE RESEARCH QUESTION

2. CONDUCT A COMPREHENSIVE SEARCH

3. SELECT RELEVANT STUDIES

4. APPRAISE THE QUALITY OF STUDIES

5. EXTRACT DATA FROM THE STUDIES

6. SYNTHESIZE THE FINDINGS

7. INTERPRET THE FINDINGS

8. REPORT THE REVIEW