BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP

MMC-PPT-001-C

*
RURAL AND URBAN
ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT
GROUP MEMBER :
Jhay-B M. Valenzuela Appaubelle Matias
Lawrence Vargas Maejoy Tan Malvar
Shaira Patupat Stephanie Lasala
 INTRODUCTION
This lesson serves as a comprehensive exploration of
the complex dynamics shaping economic activities in
both urban and rural enterprises. As we embark on this
exploration, we will unravel the fundamental
principles, challenges, and opportunities that shape the
development of enterprises in diverse landscapes.
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
• Recognize the differences between the obstacles that rural and urban
businesses must overcome, particularly those related to markets, infrastructure,
capital access, and skilled labor.
• Acknowledge the opportunities—such as cost benefits, access to a variety of
consumer groups, and market niches—that both urban and rural businesses may
offer.
• Examine policies designed to promote rural business development, such as
those to increase market support, infrastructure, skill, and financial accessibility.
• Examine case studies of prosperous projects that have been implemented in
both rural and urban areas in order to identify the critical elements that made
them successful as well as the lessons that can be applied to similar projects in
the future.
 CONTENTS:
• Challenges and Opportunities for Rural and Urban
Enterprise
• Policies for Rural and Urban Enterprise Development
• Case Studies highlighting successful initiatives in both
settings
 RURAL AND URBAN ENTERPRISES
DEVELOPMENT
Rural and urban enterprises represent different
types of economic activities based on location,
while rural enterprises operating in rural areas
and urban enterprises located in urban centers.
 RURAL ENTERPRISE
Rural enterprises are economic activities typically
found in rural areas, often associated with
agriculture, natural resource utilization, and
traditional handicrafts.
 AGRI-TOURISM ENTERPRISES

HANDICRAFT AND ARTISAN

TYPES OF RURAL ENTERPRISES

ENTERPRISES SMALL-SCALE FOOD

PROCESSING ENTERPRISES

DEVELOPMENT ECO-FRIENDLY ENTERPRISES

 URBAN ENTERPRISES
Urban enterprises are economic activities typically
located in urban areas, encompassing a wide range
of industries, services, and technology-driven
businesses.
 INFORMAL SECTOR ENTERPRISES

COOPERATIVES

TYPES OF URBAN MICRO, SMALL, AND MEDIUM

ENTERPRISES
ENTERPRISES SOCIAL ENTERPRISES
DEVELOPMENT
TECHNOPRENEURSHIP
CONTRASTING CHALLENGES
AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR
RURAL AND URBAN
ENTERPRISES
 RURAL RISING PH
Rural rising" in the Philippines typically refers to initiatives aimed at uplifting
rural communities, improving their economic opportunities, infrastructure, and
overall well-being. These efforts often involve agricultural development, access
to education and healthcare, entrepreneurship support, and infrastructure
projects to connect rural areas with urban centers.
OPPORTUNITIES
EXPAND ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES
ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

TO IMPROVE THE COUNTRY’S FOOD

SECURITY
FOSTER AGRI-ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN
RURAL AREAS
CHALLENGES
Aging Rural Population

Limited Access to Finance

Climate Change Vulnerability

Infrastructure Deficiencies
 URBAN ENTERPRISES
For Asia 2025, an Asia House publication launched on March 8, the Chairman and
Chief Executive Officer of Ayala Corporation Jaime Augusto Zóbel de Ayala plh
contributed his thoughts on the challenges and opportunities for urban development
in the Philippines.

The Philippine experience sees nearly half of the population residing in urban center’s,
with almost 25 percent in the capital alone.
 CHALLENGES
INFRASTRUCTURE LIMITATIONS ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS

TRAFFIC CONGESTION SECURITY CONCERNS

HIGH COMPETITION LIMITED ACCESS TO FINANCING

INCOME DISPARITIES
 OPPORTUNITIES
GROWING CONSUMER MARKET GOVERNMENT INCENTIVES

ACCESS TO TALENT TOURISM POTENTIAL

TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS COLLABORATION OPPORTUNITIES

POLICIES TAILORED FOR RURAL
AND URBAN ENTERPRISES
DEVELOPMENT
 RURAL ENTERPRISES DEVELOPMENT
It is an approach aims at diversification and innovation of the rural economy,
increasing its market orientation, and fostering value addition to rural products.
Rural enterprises and diversification into market oriented, income generating
activities are being increasingly viewed as a path to improving both livelihoods and
food security.

POLICIES:
Create a supportive enabling environment that favors rural business and
investment, including the promotion of microfinance services and improvement of
business regulations.
Link farmers to markets by promoting market-oriented production and improving
access to market information.
Support business development services (BDSs) for rural enterprise through
initiatives that develop business skills, and introduce new and appropriate
technologies.

Help rural women and men develop and maintain a diverse

portfolio of livelihood strategies, thus reducing poverty, food
insecurity, vulnerability and inequality in rural areas.

Support sustainable industries with the potential to be competitive

in global markets, in which significant numbers of rural enterprises
can participate and meet the economic, environmental, social and
cultural needs of rural communities now and in the future.
 URBAN ENTERPRISES DEVELOPMENT
TAX INCENTIVES INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT

Implement tax breaks for businesses locating within Allocate funds for upgrading urban infrastructure,
designated urban zones to encourage investment and including transportation, utilities, and technology, to
job creation. enhance the overall business environment.
 ZONING AND LAND USE FINANCIAL SUPPORT
PLANNING PROGRAM

Develop flexible zoning regulations to streamline the Introduce grants, low-interest loans, or subsidies for
process for businesses to establish or expand startups and small businesses in urban centers to
operations in urban areas. facilitate their growth.
CASE STUDY HIGHLIGHTING
SUCCESSFUL INITIATIVES IN
RURAL AND URBAN
ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT
 Gawad Kalinga Enchanted Farm (GKEF)
Location: Angat, Bulacan (Rural)
Description: GKEF is a social enterprise hub that aims to end poverty by creating
sustainable livelihood opportunities in rural communities. It provides training,
mentorship, and resources to aspiring entrepreneurs, particularly those from
marginalized backgrounds.
Initiatives: GKEF supports various enterprises such as organic farming, social
tourism, food processing, and handicraft production. It also hosts a social incubation
program that helps startups develop viable business models and access markets.
Impact: GKEF has empowered hundreds of families to improve their economic
conditions and become self-reliant. It has also attracted local and international
support, leading to the growth and replication of its model in other parts of the
Philippines.
Sustainable Agriculture in the Cordillera Region
Location: Province of Benguet (Rural)
Description: The Cordillera Region is known for its mountainous terrain and
agricultural practices. In Benguet, there has been a focus on promoting sustainable
and organic farming methods.
Initiatives:
• Organic Farming Practices
• Terracing
• Farmers' Cooperatives
Impacts:
• Environmental Conservation
• Economic Empowerment
• Food Security
Bonifacio Global City (BGC)
Location: Bonifacio Global City (BGC) is located in Taguig City, Metro Manila. (Urban)
Description: BGC is a prime example of successful urban planning and development
in the Philippines. Formerly a military base, it has transformed into a bustling central
business district and lifestyle hub.
Initiatives:
• Master Planning
• Green Spaces
• Infrastructure
Impacts
• Economic Growth
• Quality of Life
• Sustainable Development
Pasig River Rehabilitation Program
Location: Metro Manila (Urban)
Description: The Pasig River, historically significant but heavily polluted, became the
target of a comprehensive rehabilitation program to restore its ecological health and
improve the surrounding urban areas.
Initiatives:
• Water Quality Improvement
• Community Relocation
• Public Awareness
Impacts:
• Environmental Rehabilitation
• Community Well-being
• Tourism and Recreation
REFERENCES
National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA). (2019). Informal Sector Development Plan 2019-2022.
https://neda.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Informal-Sector-Development-Plan-2019-2022.pdf

Cooperative Development Authority (CDA). (2019). Cooperative Development Plan 2019-2022.

https://www.cda.gov.ph/cdp/

Department of Trade and Industry (DTI). (2019). MSME Development Plan 2019-2022.
https://www.dti.gov.ph/msmedp/

Philippine Social Enterprise Network (PSE-N). (2019). Social Enterprise Development Plan 2019-2022.
https://www.pse-n.org/pse-n-development-plan-2019-2022/

Department of Science and Technology (DOST). (2019). Technopreneurship Development Plan 2019-2022.
https://www.dost.gov.ph/tbdp/

Department of Agriculture, Philippines

https://www.da.gov.ph/
REFERENCES
Liedholm C, Mead DC (1993) Small-scale industries in developing countries: Empirical evidence and policy
implications. World Bank Publications.
https://
documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/994781468766762001/small-ind
ustry-in-developing-countries

UN-Habitat (2016) World Cities Report 2016: Urbanization and Development—Emerging Futures. United Nations.
https://www.un-ilibrary.org/content/books/9789210582766

Asia House. (n.d.). Challenges and Opportunities in Urban Development in the Philippines. Retrieved from
https://asiahouse.org/news-and-views/challenges-opportunities-urban-development-philippines/

Philippine Institute for Development Studies. (n.d.). Dynamics of Urbanization in the Philippines. Retrieved from
https://pidswebs.pids.gov.ph/CDN/PUBLICATIONS/pidsdps1437.pdf

Philippine Statistics Authority. (2021). Urban Population in the Philippines: 2020 Census of Population and
Housing.
Retrieved from https://psa.gov.ph/content/urban-population-philippines-2020-census-population-and-housing
REFERENCES

Asia, B. (2023, March 23). Beat labs. The Beat Manila.

https://
thebeat.asia/manila/terra/sustainability/get-to-know-the-social-enterprise-behind-rescued-vegetables-in-the-me
tro

Spurring the Rural Economy. (2021b, February 10). Rural Rising PH | Rural Rising PH. Rural Rising PH.
https://ruralrisingph.com/

REED Project. (n.d.). REED Guide [PDF].

Retrieved from https://www.rfilc.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/1131237624467_REED_engl_Guide_1.pdf