Intervention

What is
intervention?
• Intervention refers to the range of strategies, programs, and actions implemented by
probation officers, parole officers, community-based organizations, and other stakeholders
to address the needs of offenders, facilitate their rehabilitation, promote community safety,
and prevent recidivism.
• Intervention involves the application of evidence-based practices, assessments, and
interventions tailored to the individual needs and risks of offenders under community
supervision. These interventions may include counseling, education, vocational training,
substance abuse treatment, restorative justice practices, and other rehabilitative services
aimed at addressing the root causes of criminal behavior and promoting positive behavioral
change.
• Interventions are guided by legal frameworks such as the Probation Law (Presidential
Decree No. 968) and the Indeterminate Sentence Law (Act No. 4103), which outline the
objectives, procedures, and responsibilities related to probation and parole services in the
Philippines. These laws emphasize the rehabilitation and reintegration of offenders into
society while ensuring accountability and public safety.
Principles of Effective
• Individualized Approach
Intervention
• Risk Assessment and Management

• Responsivity to Cultural and Contextual Factors

• Collaboration with Stakeholders

Models of Intervention
• Probation Services

• Parole Services

• Community-Based Rehabilitation Programs

• Restorative Justice Initiatives

Definition:
Probation
Services
Probation is a legal disposition whereby an offender, who has been convicted of a crime, is
allowed to serve their sentence under the supervision of a probation officer in the
community, rather than being incarcerated in jail or prison.
Purpose:
Probation services aim to rehabilitate offenders by addressing the underlying causes of their criminal
behavior and facilitating their successful reintegration into society. By closely supervising probationers and
implementing risk management strategies, probation services work to protect the community from
potential harm and reduce the risk of reoffending. Probation officers assess the unique needs of each
probationer and coordinate access to tailored treatment, counseling, and support services to address their
specific challenges and promote positive behavioral change. Through education, vocational training,
employment support, and other interventions, probation services strive to reduce the likelihood of
probationers committing further offenses and promote long-term desistance from criminal activity.
 Probation
Case Management Process:

a. Probation officers conduct comprehensive assessments of probationers to identify their individual needs,

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strengths, risks, and criminogenic factors contributing to their criminal behavior.
b. Based on the assessment findings, probation officers develop individualized case plans that outline
specific goals, interventions, and strategies to address the probationer’s rehabilitation and reintegration
needs.
c. Probation officers closely supervise and monitor probationers to ensure compliance with court-orders
conditions, including reporting requirements, restrictions, and participation in rehabilitative programs.
d. Probation officers facilitate access to a range of community-based services and resources, including
counseling, substance abuse treatment, educational programs, vocational training, and employment
support, to address probationers’ needs and promote positive outcomes.
e. Probation officers regularly review probationers’ progress, assess their response to interventions, and
adjust case plans as necessary to address emerging issues and promote continued rehabilitation and
reintegration.
f. Probation officers maintain ongoing communication and collaboration with probationers, justice system
stakeholders, service providers, and community organizations to support probationers’ needs and
enhance the effectiveness of probation services.
Definition:
Parole
Parole services refer to a component of the criminal justice system that involves the supervised release of

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incarcerated individuals from prison before the completion of their maximum sentence. Parole allows
individuals to serve the remainder of their sentence in the community under the supervision of a parole
officer, subject to certain conditions and requirements.

Parole services aim to:

• Facilitate the rehabilitation and reintegration of individuals into society after incarceration.
• Promote public safety by closely monitoring parolees and managing their reentry into the
community.
• Provide support, assistance, and accountability to parolees as they transition back into
society.
• Offer opportunities for rehabilitation, personal growth, and positive behavioral change
during the parole period.
Eligibility Criteria:
Parole
• Eligibility for parole is determined based on various factors including the nature of the offense, the

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individual’s behavior and progress during incarceration, completion of rehabilitation programs, and risk
assessment.
• Eligible individuals typically demonstrate rehabilitation, acceptance of responsibility, and readiness for
reintegration into the community.
• Each jurisdiction establishes specific eligibility criteria guided by legal statues and parole board
decisions.
Supervision and Monitoring:

• Parole officers provide supervision and monitoring to parolees in the community to ensure compliance
with parole conditions and promote public safety.
• Supervision includes regular check-ins, home visits, and monitoring of parolee activities to assess
compliance and address any issues or concerns.
• Parole officers may use electronic monitoring, curfews, and drug testing to monitor parolee behavior
and enforce conditions of release.
 Parole
Reintegration Support:

Services
• Parole services offer reintegration support to assist parolees in
successfully reintegrating into society.
• Support services may include assistance with housing, employment,
education, substance abuse treatment, mental health services and
family reunification.
• Parole officers work collaboratively with parolees to identify needs, set
goals, and access resources to support their reintegration efforts.
Community-based
Overview of Rehabilitation Progress:

• Community-based rehabilitation (CBR) involves the integration of rehabilitation services into

community settings, aiming to enhance the quality of life and social inclusion of individuals with

Rehabilitation Progress
disabilities or other rehabilitation needs. It emphasizes community participation, empowerment, and
the removal of barriers to inclusion.

Examples of Community-Based Initiatives:

• Skills Training Programs

• Support Groups and Peer Networks
• Accessible Infrastructure Projects
• Education and Awareness Campaigns
Community-based
Effectiveness:

• Enhanced Social Inclusion

Rehabilitation Progress
• Empowerment and Self-Advocacy
• Holistic Approach

Challenges:

• Limited Resources
• Stigma and Discrimination
• Accessibility Barriers
 Restorative Justice Initiatives
Principles of Restorative Justice:

• Restorative justice focuses on facilitating dialogue and encounters between offenders, victims, and
affected community members, allowing them to address the harm caused by the offense and work
towards making amends.
• Restorative justice emphasizes the importance of offenders taking responsibility for their actions and
acknowledging the impact of their behavior on victims and the community. Offenders are encouraged
to make restitution and participate in activities aimed at repairing harm.
• Restorative justice seeks to promote healing and rehabilitation for all parties involved, including
victims, offenders, and the community. It recognizes the emotional, psychological, and social needs of
victims and offenders and aims to address these needs through supportive interventions and
processes.
• Restorative justice involves the active participation of affected community members, stakeholders, and
support networks in the resolution of conflicts and the restoration of relationships. It acknowledges
the importance of community support and solidarity in addressing harm and promoting social
cohesion.
 Restorative Justice Initiatives
Implementation of Restorative Justice:

• Victim-Offender Mediation
- mediation sessions facilitated by trained mediators bring together victims and offenders in a safe
and structured environment to discuss the impact of the offense, express feelings, and negotiate
agreements for restitution or reconciliation.

• Restorative Circles
- it involve the participation of offenders, victims, support persons, and community members in a
circle dialogue format. Participants share their perspectives, address the harm caused by the offense,
and collaborate on developing solutions and agreements to repair harm and prevent future wrongdoing.

• Family Group Conferencing

- it bring together family members, friends, and other support persons of both victims and
offenders to discuss the offense, identify underlying issues, and develop plans for addressing the harm
and meeting the needs of those affected.
 Restorative Justice Initiatives
Implementation on Offenders and Victims:

• Offenders:
- it can have a positive impact on offenders by promoting accountability, empathy, and personal
growth.
- engaging in restorative processes allows offenders to take responsibility for their actions, gain
insight into the consequences of their behavior, and develop a greater understanding of the impact on
victims and the community.

• Victims:
- it provides victims with opportunities for healing, empowerment, and closure.
- victims have the opportunity to express their feelings, ask questions, receive answers, and seek
restitution or apology from offenders.
- it can help victims regain a sense of control and agency, address their emotional and
psychological needs, and move forward with their lives with a greater sense of justice and resolution.
 Impact of Interventions
Impact on Individuals:

• Rehabilitation and Personal Growth

- through counseling, skills training, education, and support services, they can address underlying
issues contributing to their criminal behavior and develop pro-social skills and attitudes.

• Empowerment and Accountability

- by taking responsibility for their actions, participating in restorative justice processes, and
adhering to probation conditions, individuals became actively engaged in their rehabilitation and
reintegration efforts.

• Improved Social and Economic Opportunities

- by acquiring new skills and qualifications, they can secure meaningful employment, contribute to
their families’ well-being, and positively contribute to their communities.
 Impact of Interventions
Impact on Communities:

• Enhanced Public Safety

- by addressing the root causes of criminal behavior and providing support and supervision, these
interventions help prevent further offenses and promote community well-being.

• Restored Relationships and Social Cohesion

- by bringing together offenders, victims, and community members to address harm and repair
relationships, these interventions promote understanding, empathy, and forgiveness, contributing to
healing and restoration.

• Reduction of Stigma and Discrimination

- by promoting acceptance, support, and social inclusion, these interventions help reduce barriers
to reintegration and foster a sense of belonging and dignity among individuals transitioning from
incarceration to community life.
Highlights of Successful
• Probation Services

• Reintegration Support
Interventions
• Victim-Offender Mediation

• Community Restorative Circles

• Government and NGO Collaboration

• Community Engagement

• Probation Officer Training

Thank
You