CHAPTER 10

JOSE RIZAL AND PHILIPPINE NATIONALISM:

BAYANI AND KABAYANIHAN

GROUP 8
JOSEPHINE G. BUTRON
DENNISA S. LAMDAGAN
LILIBETH A. DUYAC
  OUTLINING JOSE RIZAL AS A
BAYANI
• Jose Rizal- as a hero and of course , as a bayani.
• The term hero is defiined as a person noted for his or her courageous acts or nobility character.
• The word originated from Latin, old French, and Greek from a coined term which meant demi-god , a defender and a
protector.
• Jose Rizal- is tagged as a hero in the Philippines.
• Zeus Salazar collected various definitions of the word bayani.
• Hero as a term can best be defined as a person who possesses a great courage, strength and moreover, a demi-god.
• Jose Rizal’s love for the Philippines qualified him to be called as bayani.
 Classification of a hero

 PRE-COLONIAL HEROES
• SCOTT (1988)- heroes are classified as epic hero and mythical hero.
• EPIC HEROES - are characterized as saviors of their communities and scourge of enemy tribes.
• MYTHICAL HERO- represents the culture and the values of a specific period of time.

COLONIAL HEROES-
• Colonized heroes are the first who carried out organized revolts against the colonizers.
• Colonized heroes are named as native heroes and revolutionary heroes.
• Native heroes are the people who first manifested resistance from the Spanish colonial rule.
• Revolutionary heroes were fully realized at the height of the nineteenth century of Spanish colonization.
Revolutionary heroes are classified as:
a. Known heroes- known as popular heroes who had done remarkable contributions against Spain.
b. Unknown heroes- known as unsung heroes who contributed significantly at certain stages of the revolution but remained unrecognized due to
political and academic reasons.
c. Martyrs- heroes who courageously faced brutal punishment and died untimely for their great spirit and beliefs from the hands of the enemies.

POST- COLONIAL HEROES

• Also known as post-war heroes.
• Also categorized as political heroes.
• Political Heroes can be further classified as:

a. Idealistic hero- this hero is an advocate of the idealism principle.

b. Realistic hero- this hero prefers fast and practical answers to resolve any existing social and political problems
in the country.

MODERN DAY HEROES

• Classified as heroes or bayani in new era.
This contemporary heroes can be classified as:
• ATHLETES – they are acknowledge greatly because of their victories in the field of sports.
• ARTISTS- these are artists who excelled in their respective artistic crafts that are honored in our very own
country and in the globe.
• Overseas Filipino Workers (OFW)- they sacrifice so much for their families.

JOSE RIZAL AS OUR NATIONAL HERO

WHO MADE JOSE RIZAL OUR NATIONAL HERO?
There are scholars who have questioned Jose Rizal’s position as the Philippines’ national hero. Certain
arguments were raised. Andres Bonifacio ,not Rizal, should be the country’s iconic hero. History will tell us
that Jose Rizal’s heroism and ideals was first recognized by the Americans. It was through the initiative of
Governor William Howard Taft that Jose Rizal was declared as a national hero for the Filipinos:
“ And now, gentlemen , you must have a national hero”. These were supposed to be the words addressed by
Gov. Taft to Mssrs. Pardo de Tavera, Legarda & Luzurriaga, Filipino members of the Philippine Commission,
of which Taft was the chairman. It was further reported that “ in the subsequent discussion in which the rival
merits of the revolutionary heroes (M. H. del pilar, Graciano Lopez Jaena, Gen. Antonio Luna, Emilio Jacinto
& Andres Bonifacio – O.) were considered, the final choice – now universally acclaimed a wise one- was
Rizal.
And so history was made.”
• 1896- whose desire to gain freedom for the people was through armed approach.
• On June 11 of the ensuing year the Philippine commission approved Act no.137,which organized the “
• His writing , like the Noli Me Tangere (1887) and later on , the El Filibusterismo( 1891- Belguim) had inspired more
Filipino freedom advocates during his time. The book had triggered most of the friars and even threatened Filipinos for
reading and owning one. Thus , it paved the way to create the Noli-Fili Bill, known today as the Republic Act 1425 or
Rizal Law.
• De Ocampo believed that with no hesitations, Jose Rizal had immensely formed the spirit of the oppressed Filipinos to
regain their freedom.
• For the second and third definition given by de Ocampo, Jose Rizal, known for his pursuits for freedom and
nationalism, was courageous in dealing and facing the attacks of the Spaniards.
• Jose Rizal was shot to death by a firing squad at Bagumbayan on December 30, 1896
• Even before the outbreak of the revolution against Spain in 1896, many had known and cited Jose Rizal’s work and his
leadership.
• Jose Rizal had been elected as an honorary president of the La Solidaridad , Chief of the Indios Bravos in Paris France,
and chosen as responsible or chief of the Assocoation Circulo Hispano-Filipino in 1891, and the el fundador of the La
Liga Filipina in 1892 established in the Philippines.
• December 29, 1879 Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo and other revolutionary chiefs exiled to Hong Kong for the occasion of the
1st anniversary of the hero’s execution and martyrdom.

Ang Salitang Bayani sa

Pilipinas
Ang salitang ‘bayani’ ay isang Austronesian salita na dinala ng ating mga katutubo sa ating bayan.
Ang mga bayani ay ang mga mandirigma kung saan sila ay nanguna sa pagtatanggol ng pamayanan laban sa
mga kinakaharap na mga kaaway at mga panganib. Ang ilan sa mga diribatibo ng salitang bayani ay bajani,
majani, bagabnim bahani.
1. Maniklad, ang pinakamababang uri ng bayani na nakapatay ng isa o dalawang kaaway, karaniwang siya ay nakasuot ng
outong na pula at dilaw.
2. Hanagan naman kung tawagin ang nasa ikalawang antas, siya ay sumasalimlim sa riktwal na kung saan ay dapat sapian
ni Tagbusaw, ang diyos ng pakikidigma at kainin ang atay at puso ng mga kaaway. Pulang putong ang karaniwan nilang
sinusuot.
3. Kinaboan naman kung tawagin ang makakapatay ng dalawamput pito at karaniwang nakasuot ng pulang pantalon.
4. Luto naman kung tawagin ang makakapatay ng limanpu hangang 100 na kaaway at karaniwang nagsusuot ng pulang
jacket.
5. Lunugum naman ang pinaka paborito ng Diyos na si Tagbusaw dahil ito maipakikita niya ang kanyang katapangan sa
pakikipagdigma kung saan napatay niya ang kanyang kaaway sa sarili nitong tahanan. Itim ang karaniwang suot ng mga
ito.
Ayon kay Dr. Zeus Salazar ang mga bayani ay mga taong naglalakbay at bumabalik sa bayan. Ipinahiwatig niya
din ang pagkakaiba ng bayani sa saliyang heroes. Ang bayani ay lumalaban ng may kooperasyon at ang heroes
naman ay lumalaban mag isa.

From time to time thw word bayani has different definitions. In todays present context bayani
described to the OFW’s or the Overseas Filipino Worker who sacrifice themselves away from the families.
OFW’s or our kababayans are now known as mga bagong bayani as they contributed much in the global world
and pursuing work abroad to provide for the needs of their families here in the Philippines.