S/N/N/P/R/State Gofa Zone Science

and Information technology

department

Maintenance training manual

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 contents
Computer maintenance
Types of Maintenance Strategies
Computer component
Troubleshooting

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Computer maintenance
What is Computer Maintenance?
It is the practice of keeping computer in a good state
of repair.
The combination of hardware and software
troubleshooting is called maintenance.

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 Types of Maintenance Strategies
1.Preventive (scheduled)
maintenance
Also known as proactive maintenance
Time based maintenance
The aim of preventive maintenance is to
identify and fix a problem before they
arise.
 Scheduled backup (Daily and weekly
backup)
 Avoid hardware failure look for warring
sign.
 Remove unnecessary software
 Window update
 Driver update
 Remove dust
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2.Predictive maintenance (PdM) ትንበያ
 Predictive maintenance is another specific form of condition-based
maintenance strategy.
 It involves observing systems constantly via sensor devices. These
devices are attached to a specific part or component of the system,
which constantly feeds real-time information into the software. The
software then interprets the fed data and warns maintenance
technicians of imminent dangers.
 Predictive maintenance is the most advanced form of a maintenance
strategy to date. It is also very intensive and complex because even
the sensor devices need to be regularly checked and maintained.

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 3.Corrective maintenance
This maintenance strategy is also commonly referred to as
breakdown or reactive maintenance.
 Corrective maintenance tasks are performed to rectify and
repair faulty systems and equipment.
As the name implies, the goal is to restore systems that have
broken down. Usually, these maintenance tasks are initiated
when a problem is discovered while working on another
work order. Ideally, issues are identified just in time.
Because issues are caught just in time, it increases employee
safety and reduces emergency repairs.

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4.Reliability-centred maintenance (RCM)
This is a strategy that is implemented to optimize the
maintenance program of a corporation or a facility.
It means having a specific maintenance strategy for each
asset that is optimized so that productivity is maintained
using cost-effective maintenance techniques.

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 Computer component
Case/ System Unit
Case/ System Unit.
The computer case (also called a tower )
is the box that encloses many of the
parts/components of the computer

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Power Supply
Converts AC voltage from the wall outlet to DC voltage
the computer can use.

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 Processor & Fan
The processor is the main “brain” of a computer system
while the Fan help to prevent overheating of the various
electronic components.

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 Motherboard
The motherboard is a large electronic board that is used
to connect the power supply to various other electronic
parts, and to hold these parts in place on the computer.

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RAM (Random Access Memory

A short term memory that is used to store documents

while they are being processed.
RAM attaches to the motherboard via some specific
slots.

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 Hard disk
 Computer Hard disk are of two types,
IDE(Integrated drive electronics)-
 Has a ribbon like cable with either a
40-pin or 80-pin connector.
SATA (Serial Advanced Technology
Attachment)-
 has a narrower cable with a split data
and power connections.
 It has a 7-pin cable and a much faster
data transfer rate.
 Most motherboards now support SATA

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NIC(Network Interface Card)
(NIC) i s a computer hardware
component that allows a computer
to connect to a network. NICs may
be used for both wired and
wireless connections.
A NIC is also known as a network
interface controller (NIC) or
network card, LAN card, network
adapter or network adapter card
(NAC).

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 CMOS
CMOS stands for "Complementary
Metal-Oxide Semiconductor.“
The CMOS battery is a
Lithium-ion battery about the size of a
coin. It can hold a charge for up to ten
years before needing to be replaced.
 If your CMOS battery dies, your BIOS
settings will reset to their defaults when
your computer is turned off

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Troubleshooting

Troubleshooting :-is the process of identifying and

correcting Problems.

1.hardware Troubleshooting
2. Software Troubleshooting

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Power on self
test

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Hardware Troubleshooting
 Device doesn’t seem to be getting power.
 Computer sound like it is starting up but there is no
text on the screen.
 Bios and OS doesn’t see the device. Even though the
device’s setup utility is run/activated or its driver is
installed.

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Motherboard Troubleshooting
Reasons a motherboard fails
Dust, smoke
Age
Fan failure or heating issues
Force or pressure

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Motherboard Troubleshooting
Failure symptoms
Motherboard failures can be similar to the ones the
power supply has,
Everything powers on but you can't see a live screen
Computer turns on for just a few seconds then turns
off
Some peripherals work others don't
System shuts off randomly

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Motherboard Troubleshooting
Solutions
There are two things that can be done to try to
save your motherboard, these things can be done
whenever your BIOS fails to register a new
component and you are sure it's the motherboard:
Check the cable connections
Reset the CMOS
Update the BIOS
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How to Fix No Display Computer’s
Motherboard Problem ?
Monitor Checkup
The first thing you’ll have to make sure is, does your
monitor is “Power on” and then check the video
cable is connected properly or not. You can check
for loose connection by ‘unplugging and plug it
back again’. one.
CMOS Battery Checkup
Ram Checkup

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The computer won’t load the OS and
reports that there’s no boot device ?
solution
 After a hard drive is disconnected from and then
reconnected to your PC
 When some BIOS detect that a hard drive is removed,
they automatically change the devices in the boot
priority list. However, most of these BIOS don’t reverse
the changes when the missing device is reattached. on,
press the indicated key to enter your BIOS setup.
Find the boot priority device list, adjust it, and save
your changes when you exit

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….solution
If you have multiple hard drives, you may need to choose
which drive is the boot device in a separate setting.
Hard drive is out of power.
Hard drive data cable unplugged.
Hard drive jumper setting in wrong position
Hard drive BIOS boot sequence is disabled.
Hard drive Adapter

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 ...solution.
 This indicates a problem with the video card, the monitor,
or the motherboard’s integrated video or video expansion
card slot.
 Check the functionality of the monitor power cord.
 Check the cable between the video output and the
monitor
 make sure the monitor is turned on and set to the
appropriate input, and reboot the computer
 Adjust monitor brightness and contrast
 Check the pins of the monitors cable to the system unit.
 Check the VGA cable
 Adjust using Factory default setting.
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When computer power button is pressed , nothing
appears on the monitor and the computer begins to
beep ?

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Software Troubleshooting
Software. Is a set of programs
A Program is a sequence of instructions written to
solve a particular problem.

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 How to Fix the Blue Screen of Death on Windows

A Blue Screen Error or STOP

error, also known as the Blue
Screen of Death (BSOD), can be a
frustrating experience.
The error message almost never
clearly states what is wrong, and
they seem to strike at random.
Follow this guide to diagnose and
fix the errors causing the Blue
Screen of Death

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 How to Fix the Blue Screen of Death on Windows

Solutions to fix the problem

1. Check your computer’s internal hardware.
Sometimes, a poor connection inside the computer can
cause a Blue Screen. Open your case and check to make
sure that all the cables are firmly connected and that any
cards are seated firmly(ጥብቅ) in their sockets.

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...cont.
2.Check your computer’s temperature. Overheating
can lead to your hardware malfunctioning.
3.Boot into Safe Mode. If Windows won’t start
because of Blue Screen errors, try booting into Safe
Mode try fixing the problem. As the computer is
booting, repeatedly hit the F8 key until the
Windows boot menu appears.

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Reasons for PC issues and tips on how to
Fix Slow Computer ?
Remove or disable any startup programs that
automatically start each time the computer boots.
 If you you have a security utility, malware and
spyware protection program or an antivirus scanner
on the computer, set it up not to scan your computer in
the background. Often when these programs begin to
scan the computer it can decrease the overall
performance of your computer

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Fix Slow Computer
1. %temp%
2. Administrator command prompt
Sfc.Exe/scannow
3.Startup
4.Deleting Browsing History.

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 አመሰግናለሁ !!!

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