Grammatical

Signals and
Expressions
Q1: Lesson 1
What Are Grammatical
Signal/Expressions
• writing devices that serve
to maintain text coherence
• signal the relationship
between new sentences
and the one before it.
 Idea Development
• The manner or pattern by which a writer or
speaker explains his/her main idea about a
topic in a paragraph
• Patterns of organization show the relationships
between supporting details om paragraphs,
essays, and chapters.
Four most common pattern of idea development or
patterns of organization:

1. General to Particular
2. Claim and Counterclaim
3. Problem-Solution
4. Cause-Effect
 General to Particular
• the method of explaining by starting with a broad
(big idea) and following it with specific (small)
ideas in support to the main idea.
• Deductive Method
 General to Particular
SIGNAL Words Examples

for GENERAL Generally, primarily, largely, in general

statements

for MAJOR First, second, third, another, furthermore, moreover, in

details addition, next

for for instance, for example, to illustrate, to be specific,

PARTICULAR specifically, particularly, such as like
ideas
 The Effect of Global Warming
The impact that global warming causing on earth
is extremely serious. There are many hazardous
effects that will happen in the future if global
warming continues. For instance, melting of polar
ice caps, leading to an increase in sea level
drowning coastlines and slowly submerging
contnents are some of the specific effects of
global warming.
 Claim and Counterclaim
• Method of developing a paragraph or a longer
composition by stating a claim and your
counterclaim and by following the counterclaim
with reasons or evidences to support the said
counterclaim.
• Claim is a statement or declaration of belief,
stance, or opinion.
• Counterclaim is the opposite of a claim, an idea
opposing a claim.
Claim and Counterclaim
Can Exercise Make You Gain Weight?
 Problem and Solution
• The text presents a significant problem and
explains it in detail. Then, a possible
solution is suggested.
Answers the Questions:
“What is the problem?”
“What is the possible solution?”
Claim and Counterclaim
 Cause and Effect
• Describes or discusses an event/action that
is caused by another event/action.
• may be a single cause and effect or several
causes with several effects.
Answers the Questions:
“Why did this happen?”
“What were the results of a particular event?”
Cause and Effect
Th a n k
you