Grove Manitowoc National Crane Potain

Pneumatic Symbols
 Introduction

The following crane schematic symbol study guide has been

developed to equip a novice technician with navigational skills
necessary to use system schematics. The content of this guide is
intended to increase a technicians general knowledge level of
Grove pneumatic schematics. Schematic symbols emphasize the
function and describe the operation of the components and their
respective circuits, an overall system schematic will show the
entire machine’s circuitry on one or in some cases multiple pages.
A technician equipped with the ability to read schematics has the
advantage of viewing the cranes complete electrical system. When
presented with a machines fault, they can systematically eliminate
possible causes, thus arriving at a solution much quicker. It is
beneficial to a technician to have the fundamental understanding of
schematic symbols in order to become an effective troubleshooter.

Grove Manitowoc National Crane Potain

1 Pneumatic Symbols
 Pneumatic Lines

Direct Flow Line: Input line or

Output line depending on the direction
of flow.

Connecting Line: Branch lines

connected to main line.

Lines Crossing: A line crossing over

another line, but not connected.

Grove Manitowoc National Crane Potain

2 Pneumatic Symbols
 Pneumatic Lines

Pilot Line: Pilot supply line or a Bleed /

Drain line.

Flexible Line: This symbol indicates a

hose usually connected to a moving
part.

Grove Manitowoc National Crane Potain

3 Pneumatic Symbols
 Air Compressors

Grove normally uses engine driven

rotary air compressors to
generate the system air supply.

Example – TMS with Governor & Filter

Grove Manitowoc National Crane Potain

4 Pneumatic Symbols
 Air Dryers

The Air Dryer is provided to remove

moisture from the air system. Depending
on the system these dryers come in
different types such as: Refrigerant,
Deliquescent or Desiccant.

Example – TMS700E

Grove Manitowoc National Crane Potain

5 Pneumatic Symbols
 Air Reservoirs

Air Reservoirs are used to store

supply air volume. Also represented
may be a manual drain and test ports.
Most systems will consist of primary
and secondary reservoirs, also service
reservoirs may be used for brake
applications.

Grove Manitowoc National Crane Potain

6 Pneumatic Symbols
 Safety Valves

Safety valves are used to protect the

compressor and are set at a value just
higher then the unloader valve.

Example – Grove TM & TMS

Grove Manitowoc National Crane Potain

7 Pneumatic Symbols
 Dump Valves

Dump valves are used as a means of

exhausting air for example to lower the
suspension or to redirect system
pressure to operate another function
such as a tire inflator.

Example – System Supply Dump Valve

Grove Manitowoc National Crane Potain

8 Pneumatic Symbols
 Treadle Valve

Treadle Valves are normally used by

the operator to meter air volume to
the service brakes.

Grove Manitowoc National Crane Potain

9 Pneumatic Symbols
 Control Valves

Two Position Manually Operated:

Used on Grove TM & TMS products for
functions such as Cross Diff Locks, Inter
Diff Locks, Air Suspension and
Transmission Hi & Lo Range selector.

Three Position Manually Operated:

This manually operated valve has
positions and one example for its use is
Cab Seat Raise and Lower.

Grove Manitowoc National Crane Potain

10 Pneumatic Symbols
 Control Valves

Two Position Air Operated: This valve

is operated by air and is used for functions
such as Air Delivery and Transmission
Deep Reduction.

Two Position Electrically Operated:

Using an electrical signal input, this
valve directs air supply for functions
such as Hydraulic Pump Engage,
Hydraulic Pump Disengage and Engine
Fan Clutch Engage.

Grove Manitowoc National Crane Potain

11 Pneumatic Symbols
 Other Valves

Pressure Reducing Valve: Limits system

pressure to 6 bar is this case. Also notice
the port identification. The 1 indicates
energy input and the 2 indicates energy
output.

Brake Relay Valve: Used to control air

volume to service brake chambers. The
input supply can be directly from the air
reservoir or from the service brake pedal.
Pilot flow shifts the valve to direct flow
to the brake actuators.

Grove Manitowoc National Crane Potain

12 Pneumatic Symbols
 Other Valves

Tire Inflator Valve: Used to inflate tires

or provide an external air supply. Port
identification is as follows: Port #1 is the
supply from the air compressor, Port #2 is
the output supply to the quick disconnect
and Port # 1-2 is the source for the
external supply.

Bleed Off Valve: Can be used as a manual

shut off valve or used to bleed air off the
system.

Grove Manitowoc National Crane Potain

13 Pneumatic Symbols
 Actuators

Double Acting Cylinder: Used to

actuate various mechanical components
via air pressure such as a hydraulic pump
disconnect.

Single Acting Cylinder: Used to

actuate various mechanical components
via air pressure i.e., service brakes, inter
axle diff locks, cross axle diff locks.

Grove Manitowoc National Crane Potain

14 Pneumatic Symbols
 Brake Chamber

Maxi brake chambers are used for two

primary purposes, supply air from a
brake relay valve is used for releasing
the parking brake and applying the
service brake.

Example – TMS700 Rear Brakes

Grove Manitowoc National Crane Potain

15 Pneumatic Symbols
 Miscellaneous Components

Air Filter: Used to filter the system air

for contaminates.

Alcohol Injector: Used to siphon

alcohol into the compressed air flow
where it can dilute the water formed by
condensation therefore preventing air
line freeze up.

Pressure Switch: Used to turn on or

off an indicator light when the air
system reaches a preset value.

Grove Manitowoc National Crane Potain

16 Pneumatic Symbols
 Miscellaneous Components

Air Gauge: Used to monitor air system

pressure.

Regulator: Similar to a pressure

reducing valve, a regulator is used to
regulate the pressure level in a circuit
based on the regulator pressure
setting.

Grove Manitowoc National Crane Potain

17 Pneumatic Symbols
 Miscellaneous Components

Check Valve: Designed to create back

pressure in a specific circuit and allows
air flow in only one direction.

Shuttle Valve: Air flow is directed

from the inlet port with the highest
pressure to the outlet port, while the
other port is held closed.
.

Quick Disconnect: Connection point

with quick change connector.

Grove Manitowoc National Crane Potain

18 Pneumatic Symbols
 Miscellaneous Components

Air Bag Suspension: Used on Grove

TM and TMS cranes.
.

Gauge Port: A gauge port is an

access point to take pressure readings.

Grove Manitowoc National Crane Potain

19 Pneumatic Symbols