Life and Works

Of Rizal
 Rizal’s timeline
1848 1861 1861 1862 1864 1865 1865 –
JUNE JUNE JUNE SEPTEMBER 1867
28TH 19TH 22ND 28TH

When he was four (4) During this time his

Rizal's parents married in JOSE RIZAL, the Christened as Jose The parochial church Barely three (3) years old, his sister mother taught him
Calamba, Laguna: seventh child of Protacio Rizal- of Calamba and the old, Rizal learned the Conception, the how to read and
Francisco Rizal-Mercado Francisco Mercado Mercado y Alonso- canonical books, alphabet from his eighth child in the write. His father
y Alejandra (born in Rizal and Teodora Realonda at the including the book mother. Rizal family, died at hired a classmate by
Biñan, April 18, 1818) Alonzo y Quintos, Catholic of Calamba which Rizal's
the age of three (3). It the name of Leon
and Teodora Morales was born in Calamba, by the parish priest baptismal records
was on this occasion Monroy who, for five
Alonzo-Realonda y Laguna. Rev. Rufino Collantes were entered, were
that Rizal months until his
Quintos (born in Sta. with Rev. Pedro burned.
remembered having (Monroy) death,
Cruz, Manila, Nov. Casañas as the
shed real tears for the taught Rizal the
14,1827) sponsor.
first time. rudimentS of Latin.
 At the age of eight ( , Rizal wrote his first poem entitled "Ang Aking Mga Kabata." The poem was written in Tagalog and had for its theme "Love of One's Language."

Rizal’s timeline
1869 1870 1871 1872 1872 1872 1875
His brother
JUNE JUNE JUNE
Paciano brought
Rizal (aged 9) to For the first time,
10TH 26TH 16TH
Biñan, Laguna. He Rizal heard of the
was placed under word filibustero
At the age of eight tutelage His mother was which his father Rizal (aged 11) Entered the Rizal (aged 14)-
(Rizal wrote his first Justiniano Aquino imprisoned in Sta. forbade the examined in San Ateneo Municipal Became a
poem entitled "Ang Cruz, studying Cruz, Laguna for members of his Juan de Letran de Manila, then a boarder in the
Aking Mga Kabata." Latin and allegedly family to utter, College, Manila, public school, as Ateneo.
The poem was written Spanish. In this poisoning the wife such names as which, during the a day scholar.
in Tagalog and had town he also of her cousin Jose Cavite and Spanish time, as
for its theme "Love of learned the art of Alberto, a rich Burgos. (It must part of Sto. Tomás
One's Language." painting under the property owner of be remembered University,
tutorship of an old Biñan and brother because of the controlled
painter by the of Manuel and Cavite Mutiny on entrance to all
name of Juancho Gregorio. Jan 20, 1872, higher institutions.
Carrera.
 At the age of eight ( , Rizal wrote his first poem entitled "Ang Aking Mga Kabata." The poem was written in Tagalog and had for its theme "Love of One's Language."

JOSE RIZAL: A Biographical Sketch

 Jose Rizal, the national hero of the Philippines and pride of the Malayan race, was born on June 19, 1861, in the town of
Calamba, Laguna.

 His father, Francisco Mercado Rizal, an industrious farmer whom Rizal called "a model of fathers" came from Biñan,
Laguna, while his mother, Teodora Alonzo y Quintos, a highly cultured and accomplished woman whom Rizal called
"loving and prudent mother" was born in Meisic, Sta. Cruz, Manila.

 At the age of three (3) he learned the alphabet from his mother; at five (5), while learning how to read and write, he
already showed inclinations to be an artist. — He astounded his family and relatives by his pencil drawings and sketches
and by his moldings of clay.

 At the age of 8, he wrote a Tagalog poem, "Sa Aking Mga Kabata" the theme of which revolves on the love of one's
language.

 In 1877, at the age of 16, he obtained his Bachelor's of Arts degree with an average of "excellent" from the Ateneo of
Municipal de Manila. In the same year, he enrolled in Philosophy and Letters at the University of Santo Thomas, while at
the same time took courses leading to the degree of surveyor and expert assessor at the Ateneo.
 At the age of eight ( , Rizal wrote his first poem entitled "Ang Aking Mga Kabata." The poem was written in Tagalog and had for its theme "Love of One's Language."

JOSE RIZAL: A Biographical Sketch

 He finished his latter course on March 21, 1877 and passed the Surveyor's examination on March 21, 1878. But because
of his age, 17, he was not granted license to practice profession until December 30, 1881.

 In 1878, he enrolled in medicine at University of Santo Tomas but had to stop his studies when he felt that the Filipino
students were being discriminated upon by their Dominican tutors.

 On May 3, 1882, he sailed for Spain and continued his studies at the Universidad Central de Madrid.

 On June 21, 1884, at the age of 23, he was conferred the degree of Licentiate in Medicine and on June 19, 1885, he
finished his course on Philosophy and Letters with a grade of " excellent."

 Traveling extensively in Europe, America, and Asia, he mastered 22 languages. These include Arabic, Catalan, Chinese,
English, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Italian, Japanese, Latin, Malayan, Portuguese, Russian, Sanskrit, Spanish,
Tagalog and other native dialects.

 A versatile genius, he was an architect, farmer, artist, businessman, cartoonist, educator, economist, ethnologist, scientific
farmer, historian, inventor, journalist, linguist, musician, mythologist, nationalist, naturalist, novelist, ophthalmic surgeon,
poet, propagandist, psychologist, scientist, sculptor, sociologist, and theologian. — He was an expert swordsman and a
good shot.
 At the age of eight ( , Rizal wrote his first poem entitled "Ang Aking Mga Kabata." The poem was written in Tagalog and had for its theme "Love of One's Language."

JOSE RIZAL: A Biographical Sketch

 In March 1887, his daring book, NOLI ME TANGERE, a satirical novel exposing the arrogance and despotism of the
Spanish clergy, was published in Berlin.

 In 1890 he reprinted in Paris, Morga' s SUCCESSOS DE LAS ISLAS FILIPINAS with his annotations to prove that the
Filipino had a civilization to be proud of even long before the Spaniards set foot on Philippine soil.

 On September 18, 1891, EL FILIBUSTERISMO, his second novel and a sequel to the NOLI and more revolutionary and
tragic than the latter, was printed in Ghent.

 Because of his fearless exposures of the injustice committed by the civil and clerical officials, Rizal provoked the
animosity of those in power. This led himself, his relatives and countrymen into trouble.

 As a consequence, he and those who had contacts with him, were shadowed; the authorities were not only finding faults
but even fabricating charges to pin him down.

 He was imprisoned in Fort Santiago from July 6, 1892 to July 15, 1892 on a charge to anti-friar pamphlets were found in
the luggage of his sister Lucia who arrive with him from Hong Kong.
 When the Philippines Revolution started on August 26, 1896, his enemies lost in no time in pressing him down. They
were able to enlist witnesses that linked him with the revolt and these were never allowed to be confronted by him.
 At the age of eight ( , Rizal wrote his first poem entitled "Ang Aking Mga Kabata." The poem was written in Tagalog and had for its theme "Love of One's Language."

JOSE RIZAL: A Biographical Sketch

 From November 3, 1896, to the date of his execution, he was again committed to Fort Santiago.

 In his prison cell, he wrote an untitled poem, now known as "Ultimo Adios" which is considered a masterpiece and a
living document expressing not only the hero's great love to the country but also that of all Filipinos.

 After a mock trial, he was convicted of rebellion, sedition and of forming illegal associations.

 December 30, 1896, Rizal, a man whose 35 years of life had been with varied activities which proved that the Filipino has
capacity to equal if not excel even those who treat him as a slave, was shot at Bagumbayan Field.
 The Mercado-Rizal Family
The Rizals is considered one of the biggest families during their time.
Domingo Lam-co, the family's paternal ascendant was a full-blooded
Chinese who came to the Philippines from Amoy, China in the closing
years of the 17th century and married a Chinese half-breed by the
name of Ines de la Rosa. The Mercado-Rizal family had also traces of
Japanese, Spanish, Malay and Negrito blood. Jose Rizal came from a
13-member family consisting of his parents, Francisco Mercado II and
Teodora Alonso Realonda, and nine sisters and one brother.
 RIZAL-MERCADO Family
Mother of Jose Rizal who
was the second child of
Lorenzo Alonso and
Brijida de Quintos. She
studied at the Colegio de
Santa Rosa. She was a
business-minded woman,
courteous, religious, hard-
working and well-read.
She was born in Santa
Cruz, Manila on
November 14, 1827 and
died in 1913 in Manila.
FRANCISCO TEODORA SATURNINA PACIANO
MERCADO ALONSO RIZAL RIZAL
Father of Jose Rizal who
was the youngest of 13
offsprings of Juan and
Cirila Mercado. Born in
Biñan, Laguna on April
18, 1818; studied at San
Jose College, Manila; and
died in Manila.
"THE BIG
BROTHER"
Only brother of Jose
"THE GO-
Rizal and the second BETWEEN"
child. Studied at San
Jose College in The fourth child.
Manila; became a Married Silvestre
farmer and later a Ubaldo, a telegraph
general of the operator from Manila,
Philippine Olimpia died in
Revolution. He August 1887 at age 32
devotedly took care of due to childbirth.
Jose Rizal.
NARCISA OLIMPIA LUCIA
RIZAL RIZAL RIZAL
"A FELLOW-
"THE SECOND "THE
SUFFERER"
MOTHER" H O S P I TA B L E
The fifth child. Married
She was the eldest sister of
SISTER"
The third child, her Mariano Herbosa. Charged of
José Rizal. She was married pet name was Sisa inciting the Calamba
to Manuel T. Hidalgo, a townsfolk not to pay land rent
and she married
native and one of the and causing unrest, the couple
Antonio Lopez
richest persons in Tanauan, was once ordered to be
(nephew of Father
Batangas. She was known deported along with some
Leoncio Lopez) at
Rizal family members.
as Neneng. She died in Morong, Rizal: a
Mariano died during the
September 14, 1913. teacher and musician.
cholera epidemic in May 1889.
 RIZAL-MERCADO Family "THE "THE TEACHER"
KATIPUNERA"
The ninth child. An The youngest child;
epileptic, died a married Pantaleon
spinster. She is Quintero. She was a
nicknamed is teacher and was probably
"Panggoy." After the best educated among
Jose was executed, Jose's sisters, which made
Josefa joined the Jose very proud of her.
Katipunan. She was However, Jose
one of the original reprimanded her for
The second son and 29 women admitted getting married to
the seventh child. He to the Katipunan Pantaleon Quintero of
Calamba without their
MARIA was executed by the
Spaniards on
CONCEPCION along with Gregoria
de Jesus, wife of
TRINIDAD parents' consent.
RIZAL December 30, 1896. RIZAL Andres Bonifacio. RIZAL
"THE
CONFIDANT" JOSE "A DEAR
LOSS"
JOSEFA "THE STEWARD" SOLEDAD
The sixth child. Married RIZAL The eighth child. Died RIZAL The tenth child. Died a
spinster and the last of
RIZAL
Daniel Faustino Cruz of at the age of three. She the family to die. "Trining"
Biñan, Laguna. Jose is fondly called along with their mother,
confided to Maria about joined Jose in Dapitan
"Concha by her
his plans of marrying and resided with him in
siblings. Jose loved
Josephine Bracken his square house during
most 'Concha' who
when most of the Rizal his exile. A day before
family was not open to was a year younger
before Jose's execution,
the idea. He had also than him Jose played
Trining and their mother
brought up to Maria his games and shared
visited him at Fort
plans of establishing a children stories with Santiago prison cell.
Filipino colony in North her.
British Borneo.
 How Rizal Got His Surname
The name "Rizal" was adopted by his family in 1949, and it was derived from the spanish word "ricial" which means "Green
Field" or "Young Growth". It was chosen to symbolize new beginnings and hope for their family's future.
From his
Named after St. mother's maiden
Named after St. Spanish for "
Joseph name, Teodora
Protasius market"
Alonso

Jose Protasio Mercado Alonso

Realonda Quintos Valencia

From his mother's A name added by a Another name added

family name, which colonial official when
means "royal Rizal's brother
foundation." Paciano was
mistakenly listed as
Rizal's Father.
by a colonial official,
possibly as a
reference to the
province in Spain.
How Rizal Got His Surname

From his mother's A combination of A combination of

second surname, his middle name his mother's
Francisco His Father's first and his mother's maiden name and
Mercado's mother's name. her family name.
maiden name. maiden name.

Hidalgo Francisco Rizal-Mercado Alonso-Realonda

Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado Y Alonso

A combonation of his
A second instance of A variation of his full name and his
his first name. middle name. mother's maiden and
family names.
 MEMORIAS DE UN ESTUDIANTE DE
MANILA (1872)

 Written from 1879-1881

 He wrote this between the ages of 17-20yrs old
 Using P. Jacinto as Penname

 His pen names were Laong-Laan and Dimas Alang

 CHAPTER 1:
MY BIRTH-EARLY YEARS
 Rizal’s childhood in Calamba
 Aya Zaide
 Death of Concha
 CHAPTER 2:
MY LIFE AWAY FROM MY
PARENTS/MY SUFFERINGS
 June 1869- Jose Rizal goes to biñan School
 Lodge at her aunt’s house
 RIZAL’S FIRST DAY IN BIÑAN
SCHOOL
 Justiniano Aquino Cruz
 Tall thin, long necked, sharp-nosed, with a body
slightly bent forward
 FIRST SCHOOL BRAWL

 Pedro-bully
 Andres Saladan- arm wrestling
 PAINTING LESSON IN BIÑAN

 Old juancho
 Freely gave Jose a painting Lessons
 DAILY LIFE IN BIÑAN
 Hears mass at 4am or studies lesson before going
to mass
 Goes to orchard to look for Mabolo to eat
 Breakfast
 Goes to class at 10am
 Lunch Break
 DAILY LIFE IN BIÑAN
 Goes back to school at 2pm
 Goes home at 5pm
 Studies lesson and draws a little
 Has supper
 Prays again
 Plays in the street if Moon is bright
 Sleep
 END OF BIÑAN SCHOOLING

 December 17, 1870 end of school

 Jose receives a letter from saturnina
 Arturo Cramps
 CHAPTER 3
From January 1871 to June 1872
• Mr. Jose de Quintos
Alberto

• Half-brother” of Rizal’s
mother.

• Teodora Formoso (His wife)

• Before June of 1872, tragedy stuck the rixal
family. Dona Teodora was suddenly arrested on a
melicuious charge that she and her brother Jose
Alberto tried to poison the latters perfidious wife

• Jose Alberto, a rich Binan ilustrado, had just

returned a bisuness trip in Europe, during his
absence, his wife abandoned rheir home and
children and was living with another man. Jose
Alberto planned to divorce her, but to avoid family
scandal, Dona Teodora persued him to forgive
his wife.
• Francisco de Marcaida And Manuel
Marzan

• The most famous lawyers in Manila

• Rizal’s mother got released from prison

after almost 2 and half years
 Chapter 4:
1872 - 1875
 Ateneo Municipal

 Rev. Father Magin Ferrando

 Manuel Jerez
 Chapter 5:
Two Years In College
Rizal Enters the Ateneo. On June 10, 1872 Jose, accompanied by Paciano, went to Manila.
He took the entrance examinations on Christian doctrine, arithmetic, and reading at the
College of San Juan de Letran, and passed them. He returned to Calamba to stay a few days
with his family and to attend the town fiesta. His father, who first wished him to study in
Letran, change his mind and decided to send him to Ateneo instead. Thus, upon his return to
Manila, Jose, again accompanied by Paciano, matriculated at the Ateneo Municpal. At first
Father Magin Fernando, who was the college registrar, refuse to admit him for two reasons:
(1) he was late for registration and (2) he was sickly and undersized for his age. Rizal was
then eleven years old. However, upon the intercession of Manuel Xeres Burgos, nephew of
Father Burgos, he was reluctantly admitted at the Ateneo.
Jose was the first of his family to adopt the surname “Rizal.” He registered under this name
at the Ateneo because their family name “Mercado” had come under the suspicion of the
Spanish Authorities. Paciano had used “Mercado” as his surname at the College of San Jose
and he was known to the authorities as Father Burgos’ favorite student and confidant. At the
time Jose studied in the Ateneo, this college was located in Intramuros, within the walls of
Manila. He first boarded in a house outside Intramuros, on Caraballo Street, 25 minutes
walk from the college. This boarding house was owned by a spinster name Titay who
owned the Rizal family the amount of P300. Jose boarded with her in order to collect part of
dept.

To improve his Spanish, Rizal took private lessons in Santa Isabel College during the noon
recesses, when other Ateneo students were playing or gossiping. He paid three pesos for
those extra Spanish lessons, but it was money well spent.
 Rizal’s First Year in Ateneo
(1872-73). On his first day of class
1873, Rizal returned to Calamba for summer vacation. He
did not particularly enjoy his vacation because his mother
was in prison. To cheer him up, his sister Neneng (Saturnina)
brought him to Tanawan with her. This did not cure his
melancholy. Without telling his father, he went to Santa Cruz
and visited his mother in prison. He told her of his brilliant
grades at the Ateneo. She gladly embraced her favorite son.
 Second Year in Ateneo (1873-74)
Nothing unusual happened to Rizal during his second term in
the Ateneo, except that he repented having neglected his
studies the previous year simply because he was offended by
the teacher’s remarked. So, to regain his lost class leadership,
he studied harder. Once more he became “emperor”. At the
end if the school year, Rizal received excellent grades in all
subjects and a gold medal. With such scholastic honors, he
triumphantly returned to Calamba in March, 1874 for the
summer vacation.
On June 16, 1875, he became an interno in the Ateneo. One of his professor
this time was Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez, a great educator and scholar. He
inspired the young Rizal to study harder to write poetry. He became admirer
and friend of the slender Calamba lad, whose God-given genius he saw and
recognized. On his part, Rizal had the highest affection and respect for Father
Sanchez, whom he considered hi best professor in the Ateneo. He described
this Jesuit professor as “model of uprightness, earnestness, and love for the
advancement of his pupils”. Inspired by Father Sanchez, Rizal resumed his
studies with vigor and zest. He topped all his classmates in all subjects and
won five medals at the end of the school term. He returned to Calamba for his
summer vacation(March 1876) and proudly offered his five medals and
excellent rating to his parent. He was extremely happy, for he was able to
repay his “father somewhat for his sacrifice”.
 Last Year in Ateneo (1876-77)
After the summer vacation Rizal returned to Manila in June
1876 for his last year in the Ateneo. His studies continued to
fare well. As a matter-of-fact, he excelled in all subjects. The
most brilliant Atenean of his time, he was truly “the pride of
the Jesuit”. Rizal finished his last year at the Ateneo in a
blaze of glory. He obtained the highest grades in all subjects-
philosophy, physics, biology, chemistry, languages,
mineralogy, etc.
On commencement Day, March 23, 1877, Rizal, who was 16
years old, received from his Alma Matter, Ateneo Municipal,
the degree of Bachelor of Arts, with highest honors.
Chapter 8:
My First
Reminiscence
POEMS OF
RIZAL
 • Sa Aking Mga Kabata, 1869
• ni Jose P. Rizal

First Poem of Rizal, written at age 8, about the love of

one’s native language.
 Un Recuerdo a Mi Pueblo
(Memories of My Town)
1876 by Jose Rizal

•Written at the age 15, this poem is about the town

of Calamba, Rizal’s birth place, which he loved dearly.
 A La Juvendud Filipina
(To The Philippine Youth), 1879 by Jose Rizal translated by Nick
Joaquin

Written at age 18, this poem gained recognition from

known spanish authors. The poem contains
nationalistic sentiment insinuating that the Filipino
youth is the fair hope of “Motherland”
 Por La Educación Recibe Lustre
La Patria (Education Gives Lustre
To The Motherland), 1876
by Jose Rizal translated by Charles Derbyshire

Written in 1876 during his fifth year in Bachiller en

Artes Ateneo Municipal. It speak of the Jesuits who
established a strong relationship between education
and faith, the ration studiorum (plan of studies).
 Rizal's Great Loves

Here's the list of the women whose romantic

relationships with Jose Rizal are well-known.
Segunda Katigbak
(1863-January 16, 1943)
Description: "She was rather short, with eyes that were eloquent and ardent at
times and languid at others, rosy-checked, with an enchanting and provocative
smile that revealed very beautiful teeth, and the air of a sylph, her entire self-
diffused a mysterious charm.“

• Rizal's Age: 16

How it started: They met at Brijida de Quintos'suburban house in Tronzo,

Batangas Pet Name: Rose of Lipa How it ended: Segunda was already engaged
to be married to her townmate, Manuel Luz
Leonor Valenzuela

Description: Filipina neighbor at Rizal boarding house in Intramuros

• Rizal's Age: 17

How it started: Met her at the house of Dona Concha Leyva in Intramuros, as
his neighbor. Rizal wrote letters using invisible ink He then taught her how to
read the letters

How it ended: Leonor married another man.

Leonor Rivera
(April 11, 1867-August
28, 1893)
Description: "Tender as a budding flower with kindly, wistful eyes." She was
the Inspiration for the character of Maria Clara in Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo.
• Rizal's Age: 18

How it started: They were childhood playmates Pet Name: Taimis

How it ended: In autumn of 1890, Rizal received a letter from Leonor telling
him that she was about to marry the man chosen by her mother, Englishman
Henry Kipping.
Consuelo Ortiga y Perez
Description: Wealthy Spanish girl

Rizal's Age: 21-22

How it started: Rizal frequented to the home of Don Pablo Ortiga y Rey, the
former city mayor of Manila. Rivals: Antonio Paterno, Eduardo de Lete,
Maximino Paterno.

How it ended: Rizal's decided to take a step back for two reasons: First, he was
still engaged to Leonor Rivera: Second, he was aware of his friend's affection to
Consuelo. Rizal wrote her a poem entitled A La Senorita C.O. y P.
Seiko Usui
Description: "You have the color of Camelia,
its freshness, its elegance"-Rizal

Rizal's Age: 27

How it started: Rizal came to Tokyo, Japan

How it ended: Rizal was offered a position at the Spanish Legation during that
time. He then decided to leave Japan and forget his romance which pained him
gravely because he truly loved O-Sei-San.
Gertrude Beckett
Description: A blue-eyed and buxom girl

Rizal's Age: 27

How it started: Boarding house of the Beckett Family in London in May 1888.

Pet Name: Gettie, Tottie

How it ended: Rizal withdrew his feelings before having a relationship with
Gertrude, realizing that he had a greater mission to fulfill.
Suzanne Thill
(April 4, 1872-1951)
Description: Belgian petite lady, the niece of
his landladies in Belgium, aged 17
Rizal's Age: 29

How it started: Rizal boarded with Suzanne and her aunts during his stay in
Brussels, Belgium starting in January 28, 1890
Pet Name: La Petit
How it ended: Rizal realized that he could not deceive her. Suzanne fell in love
with Rizal and wept when he left for Madrid in July 1890.
 Nellie Boustead

Description: Mestiza daughter of a Filipina and a wealthy French-English

merchant whose house was frequented by Filipinos in France.

Rizal's Age: 28

How it started: Boustead family's winter residence, Villa Eliada (Biarritz,

France) in 1891 Rival: Antonio Luna How it ended: Rizal's marriage proposal
failed because Nellie demanded that Rizal give up his Catholic faith and convert
to Protestantism.
Josephine Bracken
(October 3, 1876-March
15, 1902)
Description: an 18-year-old petite Irish girl, with bold blue eyes, brown hair,
and a happy disposition.
Rizal's Age: 34
How it started: Dapitan in February 1895, when they sought the services of
Rizal to treat his blind father, Mr. Taufer.
•Was the common-law wife of Jose Rizal during his exile in Dapitan,
Zamboanga del Norte.
•Married to Rizal before his execution at Fort Santiago . Had a stillborn child
named Francisco Rizal y Bracken. Pet Name: Dulce Estranjera (Sweet Stanger)
Mi Amiga, Mi Alegria in Mi Ultimo Adios
How it ended: Execution of Rizal at Bagumbayan on December 30, 1896.