Contraception

RSHE | KS2 | Contraception

Key Vocabulary
Let’s begin with some key vocabulary. Can you explain what any of these
words mean?

Human reproduction Sexual intercourse Pregnancy

Contraception
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
infectionsorortechniques
methods diseases (bacteria,
used
Sexual virusespregnancy.
Pregnancy
to prevent
intercourseor parasites) passed from one
Human reproduction
human to another through physical sexual contact.
the
thetime
physical when one
sexual
production of or
contactmore offspring
between
offspring develops
two people,
through inside
a sexualoften ainvolving
female’s
involving
process
uterus.
penetration
sperm fromofaamalemale’s
anderect penis
an egg intoa afemale
from female’s vagina.
of the species.
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) Contraception

Click on the key vocabulary to

reveal and hide the definition.
Key Questions
Now let’s ask some key questions.

1. What is human reproduction?

2. Who can have a sexual relationship?

3. What is contraception?

4. Why do people use contraception?

 Human Reproduction
When two adults are in a loving relationship and both decide they are
ready, they may decide to have a sexual relationship.

As a couple, they may also

decide that they would like to
become parents.

Sexual intercourse can lead to the female becoming pregnant

if the male’s sperm fertilises the female’s egg.
Couples Using Contraception
Many couples who are in a loving relationship may decide
they would like to have sexual contact but
do not wish to start a family.

In this case, couples can use

contraception to prevent a baby
from being conceived.

Contraception is the
responsibility of both partners in
a loving relationship.
Types of Contraception
There are several different
types of contraception.

Different contraception methods

work in different ways.

Individuals and couples can choose the

method that best suits them.
Condoms for Males
A condom is a latex sheath that a man can wear on his penis
during sexual intercourse.

If he ejaculates sperm, the sperm will be

caught in the condom and cannot travel into
the female’s vagina and cannot fertilise her
egg.
Condoms for Females

Female condoms look similar to the condoms

that a male wears on his penis but they are
larger.

They are also made from

thin latex material.

They are inserted

into the vagina before
sexual intercourse.
The Contraceptive Pill
A contraceptive pill is tablet that a female takes orally (that means she
swallows it). The pill can stop or reduce ovulation, meaning
the ovaries don’t release an egg.

If there is no egg released, any

sperm that enter the vagina during
sexual intercourse are unable to
reach the egg or fertilise it, so no
baby can
be conceived.
The Contraceptive Pill
Other contraceptive pills, also taken by
females, work in other ways.
Other contraceptive pills
thicken the mucus at the
cervix which prevents the
sperm from entering
the uterus.

Some contraceptive pills

work by thickening the
lining of the uterus so that a
fertilised egg is less likely
to attach. This means the
egg won’t develop into an
embryo.
The Diaphragm

A diaphragm is a small rubber cap. It is made

of the same material as a condom.

Females insert the diaphragm

into their vagina before sexual
intercourse. It blocks the entrance
to the uterus (called the cervix).

Diaphragms are used with spermicide gel — which kills the

sperm — to ensure pregnancy isn’t possible.
The Contraception Implant
Another form of contraception that
some females use is called an implant.
This is a small, bendy plastic rod that is
inserted into the arm, just under the skin, by a
doctor or nurse.
Once in place, it releases the
hormone called progestogen
into the body which prevents
pregnancy.
The implant has to be
changed every three years.
The Birth Control Patch
A birth control patch is like a sticky plaster that a female can stick onto her
body.

It releases a daily dose

of hormones through the skin
into the bloodstream. These
hormones prevent pregnancy
by stopping
an egg from being
released from the ovaries.

The patch has to be

changed once a week.
Birth Control Injections
Hormones that prevent pregnancy can also be
injected into a female to stop her from releasing
an egg from her ovaries.

A doctor or nurse gives the birth

control injection every eight weeks
or every 13 weeks (depending on
which type of injection is used).
 Contraception and Sexually
Transmitted Infections (STIs)
Sexually Transmitted Infections (or STIs) are infections,
diseases, germs, bacteria or viruses that can be transferred
from one person to another through physical sexual
contact.

The germs spread between

semen (a male’s bodily fluid)
and vaginal fluid (in a
female’s body).
 Contraception and Sexually
Transmitted Infections (STIs)
Some forms of contraception protect against STIs,
as well as pregnancy, but others don’t.

In fact, only two

methods of
contraception that we
have looked at today
protect against STIs.

Can you identify the two that

protect against STIs?
 Contraception and Sexually
Transmitted Infections (STIs)

Only male and female condoms

protect against sexually transmitted
infections because they provide an
actual barrier between a couples’
genitals.

It’s very important to use

contraception during sexual
intercourse, especially with a new
partner.

Some STIs are very serious and can

make people very ill.
Safe Sex

Safe sex is the term given to sexual intercourse with protection that prevents
STIs, such as condoms.
Unprotected sex can put both partners at risk of catching
Unprotected sex means having sexual intercourse
an STI.
without protection.
 Contraception — What Have
We Learnt?
Let’s think about what we have learnt and answer the following
questions:

Who might use contraception?

Why do people use contraception?

How many different forms of contraception can you

name?

Whose responsibility is contraception?

What does ‘safe sex’ mean?