INTRODUCTION

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PROJECTION

In technical drawing or drafting, projection involves creating a

two-dimensional representation (like a drawing or plan) of a
three-dimensional object.
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METHODS OF
PROJECTION

Orthographic Isometric Oblique

Projection Projection Projection
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ORTHOGRAPHIC
PROJECTION

Orthographic projection an object is represented by two or three views

on the mutual perpendicular projection planes each projection view
represents two dimensions of an object. It's commonly used in
engineering and architecture to accurately represent the shape and size
of objects.
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ISOMETRIC
PROJECTION

This type of projection represents three-dimensional objects in a way

that preserves the proportions along each axis, resulting in a more
realistic depiction compared to orthographic projections. It's often
used in technical illustrations and design to give a clear sense of an
object's shape and dimensions.
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OBLIQUE
PROJECTION

An oblique projection is a parallel projection in which the lines of

sight are not perpendicular to the projection plane. Commonly used
oblique projections orient the projection plane to be perpendicular to a
coordinate axis, while moving the lines of sight to intersect two
additional sides of the object.
 PRINCIPLES OF
FIRST & THIRD ANGLE PROJECTION
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FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION

When the object is situated in First Quadrant, that is in front of V.P (Vertical
Plane) and H.P (Horizontal Plane), the projections obtained on these planes is
called First angle projection.

PRINCIPLES:
• THE OBJECT LIES IN BETWEEN THE OBSERVER AND THE PLANE OF PROJECTION.
• THE FRONT VIEW IS DRAWN ABOVE THE XY LINE AND THE TOP VIEW BELOW XY. (ABOVE XY
LINE IS VERTICAL PLANE AND BELOW XY LINE IS HORIZONTAL PLANE).
• IN THE FRONT VIEW, HORIZONTAL PLANE COINCIDES WITH XY LINE AND IN TOP VIEW
VERTICAL PLANE COINCIDES WITH XY LINE..
• FRONT VIEW SHOWS THE LENGTH (L) AND HEIGHT(H) OF THE OBJECT AND TOP VIEW SHOWS
THE LENGTH(L) AND BREADTH(B) OR WIDTH(W) OR THICKNES(T) OF IT.
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FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION

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THIRD ANGLE PROJECTION

In Third Quadrant. The Planes of porjection lie between the object

and the observer. The front view comes below the xy line or the horizontal plane
and the top view vertical line
PRINCIPLES:
• THE OBJECT LIES BEHIND THE PLANE OF PROJECTION, OPPOSITE TO THE OBSERVER: THIS I
• NDICATES THAT THE OBJECT IS POSITIONED IN THE THIRD QUADRANT, WHICH IS
CHARACTERISTIC OF THIRD ANGLE PROJECTION.
• In third angle projection, the front view is positioned below the top view, which is above the xy line.
• IN THIRD ANGLE PROJECTION, THE HORIZONTAL PLANE (H.P) ALIGNS WITH THE XY LINE IN THE
FRONT VIEW, AND THE VERTICAL PLANE ALIGNS WITH THE XY LINE IN THE TOP VIEW.
• THE FRONT VIEW IN THIRD ANGLE PROJECTION ALSO SHOWS LENGTH AND HEIGHT, WHILE THE
TOP VIEW SHOWS LENGTH AND EITHER BREADTH, WIDTH, OR THICKNESS.
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THIRD ANGLE PROJECTION

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DIFFERENCES
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