www.covenantuniversity.edu.

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SAFETY PRECAUTION, ERGONOMICS AND

THE e-SOCIETY

CST 111
 Learning Objectives
 At the end of this lecture you are expected to understand
– Safety precautions in the use of your computer
– Proper ergonomics while working with your computer
– The e-society
• e-government,
• e-business,
• e- learning,
• e-health etc.

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 Computer Safety Precautions
 A computer – desktop, laptop or
tablet represents a significant
investment, therefore it should be
properly taken care of
 Regular maintenance and care will
ensure its durability

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 Computer Safety Precautions (Cont’d)
• The following are tips on caring for your computer
– Keep your drinks away, and don’t eat
directly over the computer.
• Liquids and electronics are never
friends,
• crumbs from snacks are an invitation
for insects under the keyboard

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 Tip #2
• Protect your computer during lightning
storms by using surge protectors.
• Surge protectors prevent your electronic
appliances from blowing out when
lightning strikes.
• If you don’t have one unplug your
computer from the socket during
thunderstorms

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 Tip #3
– The computer keyboard and screen can get
really dirty
• To clean beneath the keys use a can of
compressed air, and spray a cloth with
disinfectant to wipe down the key surfaces.
– Never spray disinfectant directly onto the
keyboard.
• Use a microfiber cloth to clean your screen
gently, tissue and toilet paper can scratch the
screen
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 Tip #4
• Ensure the fan vents underneath your laptop are kept clear to prevent damage by
overheating.
• When your laptop is turned on or charging, place it on a hard surface that allows
the vents of the computer to displace the hot air.
• Don’t put your laptop on the floor, or on your lap, or on the bed/rug
– The fans that suck in air to cool down internal components can also suck up
dirt, clogging up the inside and reducing performance.
– your vital parts can get an unhealthy dose of
electromagnetic radiation
– Hot air generated by the computer
can build up and damage the internal components
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 Tip #5
• If you’re using a lithium-ion battery
in your laptop which most new
laptops have, don’t let it completely
run out, as this shortens its lifespan.
• Plug it in before the battery runs to
25%.

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 Tip #6
– Do not pick up a laptop by the display, or by the side of
the chassis with the optical drive, or by one corner.
– The best way to pick it up when it is closed is by
grabbing the front or rear of the laptop
– If it laptop is open, it’s best to just pick it up with both
hands, one on each side.
Don’t pick it up by the screen, it puts a lot of stress on
the hinges

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 Tip #7

– Don’t twist or bend your power

cords
– Do not use incompatible
computer batteries and chargers.
– If unsure about whether a
replacement battery or charger
is compatible, contact the
product manufacturer.
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 Tip #8

– Use padded laptop bags

with fasteners
• To minimize the effects of
hits

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 Tip #9

– Keep magnets away from your computers.

• The hard drives of older-model computers can be wiped by
running magnets over them.
• For new-style computers with magnets there is a risk of
damaging your hard drive.

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 Tip #10

– When plugging external devices (such as USBs and cables)

into your computer, never force them in.
– Always plug them in gently to prevent damage to the
delicate internal components.

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 Tip #11
– Regularly scan your computer with certified, up-to-date anti-virus/
anti-spyware software.
• So that a virus doesn’t corrupt your operating system or you lose your
information.

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 Tip #12

– Avoid dropping or bumping the computer, be it on a hard

surface or your bed
• It can potentially cause damage to the computer and battery.

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 Tip #13

– There is nothing more frustrating than losing information

and having to replace it all over again (which is not always
possible) therefore, backup your data on a regular basis
• Either to an external drive or the cloud (GoogleDrive, DropBox
etc. )

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 #Extra tips for your tablet
 Do not hold out in direct sunlight for long periods
 Avoid direct exposure to water, sand, or dust
 Make a habit of using a carrying case and screen protectors.
 Keep the screen covered or place the display side down when
not in use to prevent heavy and/or sharp objects from falling
onto or being put onto the display.
 Don’t check your tablet as baggage through the metal
detector.
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 Computer Ergonomics:
How to Protect Yourself from Strain and Pain

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 Ergonomics
• Ergonomics is a field of study that attempts to reduce strain, fatigue,
and injuries by improving product design and workspace
arrangement.
• The way you sit when using a computer influences your entire body
and adjusting your posture can help reduce aches and pains, and
long-term musculo-skeletal problems
• Next, are some ergonomic tips for creating a healthy, safe and
comfortable workstation.

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 Ergonomics (Cont’d)
– Neck, Torso(chest, back,
abdomen), and Shoulder
• Maintain the natural “S” curve of
your spine
• Keep your neck straight or
slightly forward
• The angle between your trunk and
thighs should be greater than 90
degrees when seated

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 Ergonomics (Cont’d)
– Arms
• Keep your forearms roughly
parallel to the floor when typing
and keep your wrists straight
• Position the mouse and mouse pad
well within reach.
• Consider using palm, wrist , or arm
supports which are well padded
with rounded edges.

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 Ergonomics (Cont’d)
– Vision
• Frequently viewed objects such as your monitor or source document, should
be at or slightly below your horizontal line of sight.
• Adjust the brightness and contrast controls on your monitor to reduce
eyestrain; swivel the monitor to reduce glare.
• Occasionally, give your eyes a break by shifting your focus to distant objects
– General Recommendations
• Take a 30-second break every half hour
• take a longer break, get up and walk around every two hours
• practice stretching exercises during your breaks
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Ergonomics (Cont’d)

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The E-Society

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 The e-Society
 E-society is a society that consists of one or more e-
Communities involved in the areas from e-
Government, e-Democracy, and e-Business to e-
Learning and e-Health
 It is a society that uses information and communication
technologies (ICT) in order to achieve its common
interests and goals.
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 E-Government
 E-Government is the use of information and
communication technology (ICT) in public
administration, to digitize and improve public services
and democratic processes and to strengthen support for
public policies
 It also helps to improve the exchange of information
between governmental bodies.
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 E-Government (Cont’d)
 E-democracy is tightly coupled with e-voting, e-participation and e-
inclusion, and aims enhance democratic procedures, by providing the
means for citizens to participate in decision making and monitor
governmental processes.
 E-Citizen is the ability to connect citizens through ICT regardless of
locations and time. It
– provides citizens with details of public sector activities
– increases the input of citizens into public sector decisions and actions
– improves the services delivered to the populace.
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 E-Government (Cont’d)
 E-Government is seen as a route to better governance as it :
– Is open and transparent
– Is an enabler for participatory democracy
– Is service-oriented
– provides personalised and inclusive services to every citizen
– enhances productivity and better utilization of the taxpayers’ money
– fosters interaction with citizens, businesses and organizations
– enhances integration between government ministries and all the tiers of government.
 Implementation of e-Government in any nation may help all the arms and
functions of government to become ICT-driven
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 e-Judiciary
 e-Judiciary or electronic judiciary seeks to improve court
administration to boost judicial transparency and efficiency,
promote the legal community’s professionalism and facilitate
citizens’ access to justice.
– An e-Judiciary platform delivers e-Filing and Case Management
capabilities by computerizing internal processes for the Court
such that the judiciary moves from a manually-based system to a
paperless one

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 e-Court
 The e-Courts will ensure that the status of pending cases from every
court is available online—in terms of both the case list and the case
details.
– This will help citizens report cases and obtain information without hassle.
– Victims and witnesses will be produced through video conferencing.
– Digitally signed court orders and judgments will be available on the Net.

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 E-Business
 E-business refers to the use of information and communication
technologies to facilitate transactions between businesses and
customers or between businesses.
– It involves restructuring business models using technology to maximize profit
and customer value
– It encompasses not only e-commerce but automation of all other business
processes such as enterprise resource planning, supply chain management,
customer relationship management, risk management, logistic management,
sales management, market analysis, e-mail marketing etc.

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 e-Commerce
 E-commerce is the use of the Internet and the Web to transact
business activities between organizations and individuals. (Commerce
constitutes the exchange of products and services)
– It is marketing, buying and selling of products and services on the Internet.
– It involves monetary transactions
– It is only a subset of e-business
– Example: online shops, often called virtual shops offer customers the
possibility to buy products through Internet – Jumia, Konga

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 Types of e-Commerce
 Business-to-Consumer (B2C) e-commerce
– The most common type of e-commerce. It means online businesses attempt to reach
individual consumers.
 Consumer-to-Business (C2B) e-commerce
– This involves consumers selling to business organizations.
 Business-to-Business (B2B) e-commerce
– This involves online businesses focusing on selling to other businesses.
 Consumer-to-Consumer e-commerce
– This form of e-commerce enables consumers to sell to each other with the help of
online markets such as auction sites: eBay, oLX.
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 Advantages of e-Commerce
 Lower Cost:Doing e-business on the Internet is cost effective
– it reduces problems of logistics
– Sales, marketing and procurement processing costs can be lowered
 Quick Comparison Shopping:
– e-commerce helps consumers to make comparison of shops.
 Information Sharing, Convenience, and Control
 Swapping Goods and Services

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 Limitations of e-commerce

 Security
 System and Data Integrity Procedures
 System Scalability
 Products People Won’t Buy Online
 Corporate Vulnerability

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 e-Learning
 e-learning can be considered as the delivery of a learning, training or
education program by electronic means.
 It encompasses technologies that allow teachers and students to
interact either synchronously or asynchronously
 It also includes the delivery of contents via the Internet, intranet,
audio and video tapes, satellite broadcast, mobile phone, interactive
television, and compact disc-read only memory (CD-ROM).

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 e-Learning (Cont’d)
 E-Learning covers a wide set of applications and processes such as;
– web-based learning
– computer-based learning
– virtual classrooms and
– digital collaboration.

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 e-Learning (Cont’d)
 Learning Management System (LMS): This is a central component
of an enterprise e-learning architecture. It provides an integrated
platform for content delivery and management of learning as well as
its accessibility by a number of prospective users.
– It handles the various delivery modes such as online, instructor-led, self-
spaced, collaborative, facilitated, non-facilitated, etc.
– Example: Moodle

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 e-Learning (Cont’d)
 E-lecture Notes: The web is a repository of lecture notes
across several disciplines. Students can download the required
notes to study. E.g. MITOpenCourseWare
 MOOCs: Massive Open Online Courses
– They offer university-level courses online with prestigious
universities
– They are video-based, offer interaction through online group
collaborations, grade by online assessments
– Examples: eDX, Coursera, Udacity
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 e-Learning (Cont’d)
 E-Examination: With the delay in grading and processing of results
in the “brick-and-mortar” environment, examination may involve a
multiple-choice format questions that are entered directly or scanned
into the system which can be marked and graded automatically.
 Examples
– Most IT certification examinations where results of examination are released
a minute or two after the paper.
– CST 111 Exam

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 e-Learning (Cont’d)
 The use of mobile technologies in learning is called mobile learning
(m-Learning).
 This medium is very prominent all over the world because it is
commonly available to all and sundry.
 In Nigeria for example, the number of mobile phone subscribers is
about 80 million.

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 Factors Affecting Adoption of E-learning

 Infrastructure: the basic equipment required;

– power: erratic supply of electricity;
– poverty: inability to afford the required equipment;
– connectivity: lack of Internet access;
– telecommunication: lack of access to telecommunication facilities

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 e-Banking

 Electronic banking is an umbrella term for the process by

which a customer may perform banking transactions
electronically without visiting a brick-and-mortar institution.
 e-Banking started with the use of automatic teller machines
(ATMs)
 We now have mobile apps for different banks

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 e-Health
 e-Health refers to health services and information delivered or
enhanced through the Internet and related technologies.
 It describes the use of digital technologies in the health care sector.
 It covers the interaction between patients and care givers, institution-
to-institution transmission of data, or peer-to-peer communication
between patients and/or health professionals

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 e-Health (Cont’d)
 Reason for use of ICT in healthcare are its key roles of
– facilitating storage of huge amounts of data,
– speedy processing of information and
– the possession of inbuilt intelligence.
 Using computers in health care can improve the quality and
effectiveness of care and reduce its cost.
 Services provided range from telemedicine and collaborative systems
for patient diagnosis to online systems for medical records.

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 Examples/Forms of e-Health
 Electronic Health Records enables the communication of patient data
between different healthcare professionals such as general practitioners,
specialists etc.;
 Telemedicine allows medical information to be transferred between two
health professional in distant locations through interactive audiovisual
media for the purpose of consulting;
 m-Health includes the use of mobile devices in collecting community and
clinical health data, delivery of healthcare information to practitioners,
researchers, and patients, real-time monitoring of patient vitals, and direct
provision of care (via mobile telemedicine).

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REVIEW

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