GENERAL

MATHEMATICS
FUNCTIONS AND RELATIONS
 OBJECTIVES
CONTENT STANDARDS: At the end of the lesson the
student must be able to:
1. Distinguish Relation from a Function
2. Differentiate domain and range
3. Identify the different ways of writing a function.
4. Evaluating Functions
5. Define vertical line tests
 01 02
REPRESENTING
FUNCTIONS FUNCTIONS
• Differentiate funtions from Ordered Pairs, Table of values,
relations Graph, Mapping diagram and
• Characteristics of a Equation
function

03
DETERMINING
04
EVALUATING
FUNCTIONS FUNCTIONS
Testing functions using the Evaluating Functions
different ways of writing it Operations on Functions
FUNCTION 01.
S
• Differentiate functions
from relations
• Characteristics of a
function
 RELATI
ON
• Set of ordered pairs (x,y).
• All the values of the domain
“x” and all the values of the
range “y”
 TYPES of RELATION

Input Output Input Output Input

Output
1 3 -3 -10 -8
2 6 -4 -2
9 1 5
3 0 1
12 6 10
4 5
15 9 15
5 3 11

One to one One to many Many to one

relation relation relation
 TYPES OF
●RELATION
Tell whether the following represents
one to one, one to many or many to one
relation.
Give also the domain and range of each
relation.
Input Output
1 45 Domain Range

2 90 5 a
e
3 135 6 i
4 180 7
o

5 225
 Input Output

Makati 1000
Manila 1100 [(-1,-1),(0,0),(2,0),(6,5)]
Quezon 1200
Pasay 1300
Calocan 1400
 INPUT and OUTPUT
VALUES
DOMAIN
• input value
• first coordinate
• collection of all the values of x
• The “x” values are also called the
abscissa.
 INPUT and OUTPUT
VALUES
RANG
E
• output value
• second coordinate
• collection of all values of y.
• The “y” values are also called the
ordinate.
FUNCTIO
NS
• Special type of relation in which
each member of the domain is
paired with exactly one value or
element in the range.
 Type of FUNCTIONS

ONE TO ONE MANY TO ONE

function function
Input Output
Input Output
1 3
-8
2 6 -2 5
3 9 1 10
4 12
15 5 15
5
11
CHARACTERI
STICS of
FUNCTIONS
CHARACTERI
STICS of
FUNCTIONS
Each element in domain X
must be matched with
exactly one element in range
Y.
CHARACTERIS
TICS of
FUNCTIONS
Range could not be selected
or matched with domain. But
a domain should always have
a partner in in range.
CHARACTER
ISTICS of
FUNCTIONS
Domain can be matched
with the same element in
range y. but no domain x
can be matched with two
or more elements in range
y.
 THE
CHARACTERIST
●ICS of in domain X must be matched with
Each element
exactly one element in range Y.
●FUNCTIONS
Some elements in Y may not be matched with any
element in X.
● Two or more elements in X may be matched with the
same element in Y.
REPRESEN
TING
FUNCTION 02.
S
• Ordered Pairs
• Table of values
• Graph
• Mapping diagram
• Equation
REPRESENTI
NG
FUNCTIONS

ORDERED
PAIRS
REPRESENTIN
G FUNCTIONS
TABLE OF
VALUES
REPRESENTI
NG
FUNCTIONS
MAPPING
DIAGRAM
REPRESENTIN
G FUNCTIONS

GRAP
H
REPRESENTI
NG
FUNCTIONS

EQUATION
DETERMIN
ING
FUNCTION 03.
S
• Testing functions using the
different ways of writing it
DETERMININ
G
FUNCTIONS
By following the characteristics, in ordered
pair, table of values, and mapping diagram
simply look at the domain or the x –
coordinate, if no domain is repeated then it
is a function, but if the domain can be seen
twice or more then it is not a function.
REPRESENTIN
G FUNCTIONS
Look at the 2nd table, so it is not a
function because of the domain(x) 4
have to range(y) 4, -2 , same with the
domain(x) 2 that has 2,-2 as its range.
REPRESENTI
NG
FUNCTIONS
For a Graph, we use the vertical line test.
When you see a graph and imagine of
drawing vertical lines all over the graph and
there is only one intersection with the graph
then it is a function.
 A graph represents a function if and only if no
vertical line intersects the graph in more than one
point.

This is a function
because it only
passed on
exactly one
point.

Vertical line test

 A graph represents a function if and only if no
vertical line intersects the graph in more than one
point.

This is not a function because it

passed on more than one point.

Vertical line test

 DETERINING
ONE TO ONE
●FUNCTIONS
But how can we determine if the
graphs represent a one to one
function or many to one function?
 A graph represents a function if and only if no
vertical line intersects the graph in more than one
point.

This is not a function because it

passed on more than one point.

Horizontal line test

 A graph represents a one to one function if no
horizontal line intersects its graph more than once.

This is a not a one to one

function because it passed on
more than one point.

Horizontal line test

 A graph represents a one to one function if no
horizontal line intersects its graph more than once.

This is a one to one

function because it only
passed on exactly one
point.

Horizontal line test

SEATWORK
SEATWORK
EVALUATIN
G 04.
FUNCTIONS
• Testing functions using the
different ways of writing it
 Evaluating
Functions
For the equation the domain and range is very
important because it estimates the possible values of
the variable x. (evaluate the function by changing the
value of x)
To denote a functional relation between two variables x
and y, we use the equation

𝒚 =𝒇 ( 𝒙 )
. What is f(1)?
. What is f(5)?
. What is f(2) and
f(-5)?
What is f(-2), f(3),
f(0) and f(a)?
 .
What is f(2), and f(-
6)?
 Operations on
Functions
a. Their sum, denoted by 𝑓+𝑔, is the
function defined by .

b. Their difference, denoted by 𝑓−𝑔, is the

function defined by (𝑓−𝑔)(𝑥)=𝑓(𝑥)−𝑔(𝑥).
 Operations on
Functions
c. Their product, denoted by 𝑓·𝑔, is the
function defined by .

d. Their quotient, denoted by 𝑓/𝑔, is the

function defined by , excluding the values of
x where
 THANKS!
Do you have any questions?

pasardozaroman.pcsshs@gmail.com

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