Modeling of Series

circuits with ODE’s

Differential Equations
We will study three types of circuits.

Circuits with battery, inductor, capacitor, resistor.

Circuits with battery, inductor, and resistor.

Circuits with battery, capacitor, and resistor.

 EL or VL = L (di/dt)

Inductor
•A component in an electric or electronic
circuit which possesses inductance (the
property of an electric conductor or
circuit that causes an electromotive force
to be generated by a change in the
current flowing).

•Symbol L, unit h, and voltage L (di/dt).

 ER or VR=IR

Resistor
• A device having a designed
resistance to the passage of
an electric current.
• Symbol R, unit ohm, and
voltage iR.

• Inductors do not have a stable “ resistance ” as conductors do.

 Capacitor VC or EL = Q/C

• A capacitor is a device that stores

electrical energy in an electric field
• The ability of a system to store an
electric charge is called capacitance.
• Symbol C, unit f, and voltage (1/C)q.
According to Kirchhoff’s Voltage law,
The impressed voltage (electrical pressure; Voltage applied to a circuit or
device) E(t) or V(t) on a closed loop must equal the sum of the voltage
drops in the loop.
V(t) = VR+VL+VC

Or

E(t) = ER+EL+EC
 Main uses of inductors, resistors and capacitors
Inductors are primarily used in electrical power and electronic devices for these major
purposes: Choking, blocking, attenuating, or filtering/smoothing high frequency noise
in electrical circuits. Storing and transferring energy in power converters (dc-dc or ac-dc)
Inductors can store energy for a small period of time or temporarily because the energy
is being stored as a magnetic field goes when the power supply is removed (functions just
like electromagnets). Inductor uses are found in computer circuits where power supplies
can be switched.

The basic function of a resistor is to limit the current or regulate the flow of electrical
current in an electronic circuit.

The primary application of a capacitor is to store electric energy when it is connected to

an electric circuit. And even if it gets disconnected from the electric circuit, it can
consume that stored energy, and it can work as a temporary battery.
LRC-series circuits
Consider the single-loop LRC-series circuit shown in Figure (a), containing an inductor, resistor, and
capacitor.
The current in a circuit after a switch is closed is denoted by i(t); the charge on a capacitor at time t is
denoted by q(t).
The letters L, R, and C are known as inductance, resistance, and capacitance, respectively, and are generally
constants.
Figure (b) shows the symbols and the formulas for the respective voltage drops across an inductor, a
capacitor, and a resistor.

EL or VL = L (di/dt) ER or VR=IR VC or EL = Q/C

Since current i(t) is related to charge q(t) on the capacitor by i = dq/dt, adding the three
voltages.

and equating the sum to the impressed voltage yields a second-order differential equation

EL+ER+EC = E(t)

DE for LRC-series circuit

 LR-series circuits
LR-

EL+ER = E(t)
RC-series circuits

ER+EC = E(t)
 (LR, RC, LRC)

Q1. Determine a differential equation which describes the current in an LR-

series circuit in which the inductance is 0.1 henry and the resistance is 50 ohms.
An electromotive force applied to this circuit is 30-Volt.
𝑬 𝑹 = 𝑹𝒊
For resistance:
LR-series circuit
𝒅𝒊
𝑬 𝑳=𝑳
For inductance:
𝒅𝒕
EL + ER = E(t)
𝑑𝑖
DE for this circuit: 0.1 +50 𝑖=30
𝑑𝑡
Q2.

Determine the differential equation for this circuit.

𝒅𝒒
𝑬 𝑹 =𝑹𝒊= 𝑹
For resistance:
𝒅𝒕
RC-series circuit
𝟏
For conductance:𝑬 𝑪 = 𝒒
𝑪

ER + EC = E(t)

𝑑𝑞 5
DE for this circuit: 1 000 + 6 𝑖= 200
𝑑𝑡 10
Q3. DE which describes the charge

𝒅𝒒
For resistance:𝑬 𝑹 =𝑹𝒊= 𝑹
𝒅𝒕
EL + ER + EC = E(t)
𝟏
For conductance:𝑬 𝑪 = 𝒒
𝑪

For inductance:

( )
𝟐
𝒅𝒊 𝒅 𝒅𝒒 𝒅 𝒒 𝟎 . 𝟐𝟓 𝒅 𝟐 𝒒 + 𝟏𝟎 𝒅𝒒 + 𝟏 𝒒=𝟎
𝑬 𝑳 =𝑳 = 𝑳 =𝑳 𝟐
𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒕
𝟐
𝒅 𝒕 𝒅𝒕 𝟎 . 𝟎𝟎𝟏
 Exercise

Find a differential equation which describes the charge on capacitor in this

circuit.
 Exercise
A 500-Volt electromotive force applied to an LR-series circuit in which the
inductance is 0.05 henry and the resistance is 8 ohms.

Find a differential equation which describes the current in this circuit.

 Exercise
Determine the differential equations which describes the current and charge in
the following circuit.

𝟏𝐡
𝟏𝟓 𝐕

10
 Exercise
Determine a differential equation which describes the charge on capacitor in the
following circuit.

12
𝟓𝟎 𝐕

−𝟒
𝟏𝟎 𝐟
 Exercise
Determine a differential equation which describes the charge on capacitor in the
following circuit.

3
2 6

0.001