INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR

STANDARDIZATION (ISO) PART I

Inti International University Nilai (IIU)
Ts. Kishan Gunesegeran
 WHAT IS ISO?
• International Organization for Standardization - Not an acronym
• "ISO" is a word, derived from the Greek isos, meaning "equal.”
• From "equal" to "standard”-- line of thinking that led to the choice of "ISO" as the
organization’s name.
 INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR
STANDARDIZATION (ISO)
• Worldwide federation of national standards bodies from over 100 countries, one
representative from each country.

• Non-governmental organization (NGO) established in 1947, located in Switzerland.

• American National Standards Institute (ANSI) is US representative to ISO

• What in Malaysia?
 ISO ORGANIZATION
TMB
(T e c h n ic a l M g m t. B o a rd )

IS O

TC 1 76 TC 2 07 O th e r T C s ...
IS O 9 0 0 0 IS O 1 4 0 0 0
QMS EMS

SC1 SC6
T e rm s & D e f. T e rm s & D e f.
 HISTORY
1987 - World Commission on Env. & Development (WCED) published
“Our Common Future”

• first use of “sustainable development”

• called for the development of effective env. management systems by
industries
 HISTORY
1989 - Creation of Strategic Advisory Group on the Environment (SAGE)

• Recommended that a new ISO Technical Committee (TC) be formed to

develop standards for EM

January 1993 - ISO creates TC 207 (TC 176 over QMS standards - ISO 9000)

Fall 1996 – ISO 14001 adopted

 STRUCTURE OF ISO’S TC 207
IS O /TC 2 07
E n viro n m e n tal
M a na ge m e nt

SC 1 SC 2 SC 3 SC 4 SC 5 SC 6 W G o n F o re stry WG 1
E n viro n m e n tal E n viro n m e n tal E n viro n m e n tal E n viro n m e n tal L ife C ycle T e rm s a nd E n v. A spe cts
M a na ge m e nt A u diting L a b elling P e rfo rm a n ce A ss e ss m e nt D e fin itio ns in P rod u ct
S yste m s E valu ation S tan d ards

W G1 WG 1 W G1
S p e cifica tion A u d . P rin c ip les EPE

WG 2 WG 2 W G2
G e n. G uid elin es A u d. P roce du res In d u stry S e ctor
EPE

SME WG 3 WG 3
WG A u d. Q u a l. G u id ing P rin.
fo r
E n v. L ab e ling P ro g.

WG 4
O th er In ve st.
 SUB-COMMITTEES OF TC 207
• SC 1: EMS - UK
• SC 2: Env. Auditing - Netherlands
• SC 3: Env. Labeling - Australia
• SC 4: Env. Performance Evaluation - US
• SC 5: Life Cycle Assessment - France
• SC 6: Terms and Definitions - Norway
ISO 14000 STANDARDS FAMILY
• Management System standards
• EMS, auditing, EPE (14030)

• Product standards
• LCA (14040), labeling (14020)
 ISO 14000 FAMILY
• A series of guidance documents and standards to help organizations address
environmental issues.

• 14001: Environmental Management Systems

• 14004: EMS general guidelines
• 14010: Guidelines for Environmental Auditing
• 14011: Guidelines for Auditing of an EMS
• 14012: Auditing - Qualification criteria
• 14020: Environmental Labeling
• 14030: Env. Performance Evaluation (EPE)
• 14040: Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA)
 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
(EMS)
 EMS is a method of going about your business while managing environmental risks.

 Provides order and consistency to the organization.

 Involves incorporating environmentally responsible practices into everyday business

processes.

 Recognizes and controls environmental risks while creating measurable

improvements in performance.
 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM (EMS)
• ISO 14001 is the specification standard that is a model for an environmental management
system.

• ISO 14004 is the guidance for the EMS specification

• 14001 is the only specification standard in the ISO series.

 WHY IMPLEMENT EMS?
• Improved compliance with environmental laws.

• Sustainable development.

• Credibility.

• Pressure from environmentalists.

• Worldwide focus to the environment.

 ISO 14000 STANDARDS
• Series of international standards for environmental management.

• ISO 14001 is the first in the 14000 series and specifies requirements of an EMS.

• Overall aim of ISO 14001 and other standards in the 14000 series is to support
environmental protection and the prevention of pollution in harmony with socio-
economic needs.

• ISO 14001 applies to any organization that wishes to improve and demonstrate
environmental performance to others through the presence of a certified EMS.
ISO 14001 CERTIFICATION PROCESS
Preliminary
Assessment

Document
Surveillance
Review

Certification / Initial
Registration Assessment

Main
Assessment
 BECOMING ISO 14001
CERTIFIED
• Registration body examines EMS for conformity to the ISO 14001
standard
• Not a compliance audit, an EMS audit
• Facility awarded registration
• Does NOT mean that products are more environmentally friendly
• Does mean have a documented EMS that is fully implemented and
consistently followed
 REGISTRATION
• Terms “certification” and “registration” are synonymous

• May self-declare or self-certify

• Accredited registrars
 TO WHOM DO THE STANDARDS
APPLY?
• Standard is Voluntary

• Large and Small Businesses & Industry

• Service Sectors (hospitals, hotels, etc.)

• City and County Government

• Applicable to all types of organizations, of all sizes anywhere in the world

 WHAT IS AN EMS?
• Systematic way of managing an organization’s environmental affairs

• Based on Plan-Do-Check-Act Model (PDCA)

• Focused on Continual Improvement of System

• Addresses immediate and long-term impact of an organization’s products,

services and processes on the environment.

• A tool to improve environmental performance

 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM (EMS)
• Focus not only on what but also why

• Top management priority

• Dynamic

• Flexible, simple

• Employee involvement

• Endorses continual improvement

 ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (EMS)
• Much of an EMS may already be in place

• Key is to use a systematic approach to planning, controlling and improving environmental

efforts

• Can be a vehicle for positive change

 EMS Model
Policy

Planning
Management
Review

Implementation

Checking
Corrective Action
 EMS Key Elements
• Policy Statement/Commitment

• Identification of Significant Environmental Impacts

• Development of Objectives and Targets

 EMS Key Elements
• Implementation Plan to Meet Obj. and Targets

• Checking and Follow-up

• Training

• Management Review
 SOME EMS MODELS
• Metal Finishers
• National Biosolids Partnership
• Project XL with the United Egg Producers
• Agriculture EMS models (livestock, soybean)
• SGIA model
• Federal facility models (CEMP, DOE guide)
• Compliance-focused EMS (CFEMS)
• Commission for Env. Cooperation (CEC guide)
 INTRODUCTION
 ISO 14000 is concerned with environmental management.

 World’s first series of internationally accepted standards of environmental

management system.

 Guide to Environmental Management Principles, Systems and Supporting

techniques.

 Voluntary standards that will lead to the common worldwide approach to

environmental management systems
 ISO 14000 AND 14001
• ISO 14000 is a series of environmental management standards developed and published by
the International Organization for Standardization ( ISO ) for organizations.
• The ISO 14000 standards provide a guideline or framework for organizations that need to
systematize and improve their environmental management efforts.
• The ISO 14000 standards are not designed to aid the enforcement of environmental laws and
do not regulate the environmental activities of organizations.
• Adherence to these standards is voluntary.
 ISO 14000 AND 14001
• The ISO 14001 standard is the most important standard within the ISO 14000 series.

• ISO 14001 specifies the requirements of an environmental management system (EMS) for
small to large organizations.

• An EMS is a systemic approach to handling environmental issues within an organization.

• The ISO 14001 standard is based on the Plan-Check-Do-Review-Improve cycle

 ISO 14000 AND 14001
• The Plan cycle deals with the beginning stages of an organization becoming ISO 14001-
compliant.

• The Check cycle deals with checking and correcting errors.

• The Do cycle is the implementation and operation of the ISO 14001 standard within an
organization.

• The Review cycle is a review of the entire process by the organization's top management.

• And the Improve cycle is a cycle that never ends as an organization continually finds ways to
improve their EMS.
 ISO 14000 AND 14001
• The entire process can take several months to several years depending on the size of the
organization.

• If an organization is already ISO 9000-certified, the implementation of ISO 14001 does not
take as long.

• When an organization is compliant, they can either register with a third-party registrar or
self-declare their compliance.

• The ISO 14001 standard is the only ISO 14000 standard that allows an organization to be
registered or "certified.
 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES OF SOME COMPANIES:

• Larsen & Toubro

• ASHOK LEYLAND

• BILT

• TOYOTA KIRLOSKAR

• NIPPON TOYOTA MOOPEN MOTOR PVT.

 CONCLUSION
• The ISO 14000 series can be most effective if used together.

• We view the LCA standards as being central to the standards.

• As such they can be used to analyze environmental aspects and impacts.

• Since, “what gets measured gets done”.