VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Jnana Sangama, Belagavi - 590018, Karnataka

Mini-Project
Report on
" FABRICATION OF NOTCHES APPARATUS - A TEST RIG“

Submitted in partial fulfilment as a requirement for the award of degree of

Bachelor of Engineering in

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Submitted by:
NAME: USN: Under the guidance of
SAGAR M G 4HG21ME437 Dr. Vinay S S
BHARATH M M 4HG21ME406 Assistant Professor (Group-A)
NITHIN 4HG21ME426 Department of Mechanical Engineering
SANJAY H R 4HG21ME440
Government Engineering College

Mosalehosahalli, Hassan -573212

Contents
1. Introduction
2. Literature review
3. Problem definition
4. Objectives
5. Methodology
 Introduction:
• the characteristics and properties of fluids in various
engineering applicationThe study of fluid flow through
notches is essential in understanding s.

• Notches are commonly used to measure fluid flow rates,

assess flow characteristics, and analyze hydraulic
performance.

• This project aims to fabricate a versatile notches

apparatus that allows for experimental investigations and
analysis of fluid flow behavior.

• Notches are flow measurement devices used in fluid

mechanics to determine the flow rate of a fluid passing
through a channel or conduit.

• They are typically constructed as notches or openings of

specific shapes in a plate or wall, and the flow rate is
determined by measuring the fluid height above or within the
notch.

• Here is a brief explanation of notches and their functioning

 Flow Characteristics:

• The shape and dimensions of the notch influence the flow characteristics,
including the flow rate, velocity profile, and energy losses.

• Different types of notches produce different flow patterns and exhibit

varying sensitivities to changes in fluid height.

Discharge Coefficient:

• Notches are typically characterized by a discharge coefficient, which is a

dimensionless factor that relates the actual flow rate through the notch to
the theoretical or ideal flow rate.
•
• The discharge coefficient accounts for the geometric properties of the notch
and is determined through experimental calibration.
 Types of Notches:

 Rectangular Notch
 V-Notch
 Cipolletti Notch
 Trapezoidal Notch

 Traingular Notch

• There are several types of notches

commonly used in fluid mechanics.

• Each type of notch has its own specific shape and

characteristics, which influence the flow behavior and
measurement accuracy.
Literature review:

. Mr. R.V. Pethkar, Swami Shubham, Jadhav Rushikesh, Jadhav Amol, Patil Vishwajeet and
Dange Akshay a paper on “design and manufacturing of notch apparatus”.

• Through this experimental investigation, we determine the flow coefficients for triangular and
rectangular notches at various water levels (heads).

• As the water level rises, the viscosity and surface tension also change, resulting in changes in
the runoff coefficients of the triangular and rectangular notches.

• Both notches show that the flow coefficient decreases with increasing flow or depth.

• Thus, we have conducted experiments on our instruments and concluded the observations for
coefficient of discharge are as below:

• Rectangular Notch Cd value from calculation = 0.76

• 2. Triangular Notch Cd value from calculation = 0.75.
 Problem Definition:

 The fabrication of notches involves constructing flow measurement devices with specific
shapes and dimensions to accurately measure fluid flow rates.

 However, there are several challenges and considerations associated with the fabrication
process. The problem can be defined as follows:

 Design and Geometry:

 One of the key challenges is determining the optimal design and geometry of the
notches.
 The shape, size, and dimensions of the notches need to be carefully chosen to ensure
accurate and reliable flow measurements.

 Design considerations include selecting appropriate notch profiles (rectangular,

triangular, V-notch, etc.) and determining the optimal notch dimensions for the
desired flow range.
  Material Selection:

 Choosing the right materials for fabricating the notches is crucial. The materials
need to be durable, corrosion-resistant, and capable of withstanding the fluid flow
conditions.

 Factors such as chemical compatibility, mechanical strength, and longevity need to

be considered during material selection.

 Fabrication Techniques:

 Fabricating notches with precision and accuracy can be challenging. Various fabrication
techniques, such as cutting, machining, welding, or bonding, may be required to shape the
notches and assemble them into the desired configuration.

 Ensuring smooth surfaces, tight tolerances, and proper alignment are essential for reliable flow
measurements.
 Calibration and Accuracy:

 Achieving accurate flow measurements with the fabricated notches is critical.

Calibration of the notches is necessary to establish the relationship between the
fluid flow rate and the measured parameters (such as fluid height or pressure).

 Proper calibration techniques and reference standards need to be employed to

ensure accurate and repeatable measurements.

 Cost and Time Efficiency:

 Another important consideration is balancing the cost and time efficiency of the
fabrication process.

 Selecting cost-effective materials and fabrication techniques, optimizing the

production workflow, and minimizing waste or rework are essential to achieve
efficient fabrication of notches.
OBJECTIVE AND METHODOLOGY

 Objectives:

 Optimum design of system Notch Apparatus.

 Design and manufacturing of V-notch (60degree) and rectangular notch.

 Measurement of Coefficient of discharge with rectangular notch and V notch.

 Methodology:

• The triangular-notch, thin-plate weir is used widely for measuring the flow of liquids
in flumes and open channels.

• Simple in design and easily made from readily available materials, it is inexpensive,
convenient to use, and easy to maintain.
 In permanent or portable form, it is frequently used to measure the flow of water in laboratories and in small, natural
streams.

 When several forms of weirs or flumes might be used, the triangular-notch weir is often preferred because of
its greater accuracy at low flows or its lesser sensitivity to approach-channel geometry and velocity
distribution.

 Within the range of conditions for which verification data are adequate, and with reasonable care in its
construction, installation, and use, the triangularnotch, thin-plate weir is a relatively precise instrument.

 The triangular-notch weir has been the subject of considerable experimental research and published
discussion. Unfortunately, however, most of the laboratory investigations have been restricted to a narrow
range of notch angles and channel geometries.

 The 90° notch weir has been most extensively studied. With few exceptions, water has been the liquid used in
laboratory tests
THANK
YOU