English Class

February 2024
Objectives

• Use Expressions that Affirm or Negate

• Employ Critical Thinking
• Give Technical and Operational Definitions
Objectives
• Discriminate between Positive and Negative Values
• Formulate Claims of Fact, Policy, and Values
• Use Expressions that Affirm or Negate
 Discriminating
between Positive
and Negative Values
Exercise 9 (pages 132-133)
Examine the personalities of the characters in the
“Nibelungenlied”. Read the passages that follow from
which you can infer values possessed by the character.
Write down the values and tell whether each is positive
or negative. Explain your answer.
1. Brunhild despises Gunther, her
husband, and his men because they
seem inferior in wealth as compared
to her other suitors.
2. During the wedding ceremonies,
Brunhild is unhappy and resentful
and reproaches her husband for
giving his sister to a mere vassal.
3. In her indignation, she ties Gunther
up in her girdle and hangs him on a
nail.
4. Hagen, pretending to be worried,
about the reckless courage of
Siegfried, convinces Kriemhild to
reveal the vulnerable spot on
Sigfried’s shoulder.
5. Hagen promises to protect this spot
from the enemy. However, it was he
who thrusts a spear on his spot.
6. Although he was sore athirst,
Siegfried drank not till the King had
finished.
7. As Siegfried lay dying, he said,
“My bitterest sorrow is for
Kriemhild, my wife. God pity me that
ever I had a son, For all men will
reproach him that he has murderers as
his kinsmen.”
8. “Know this of truth, that in slaying
me, you have slain yourselves.”
9. Hagen said, “I will take him back
to Burgundy. If Kriemhild knows that
I did it, I care not. It concerns me
little if she weeps.”
 Values Connection
1. What does this sentence imply about
the cultural patterns of the ancient
Burgundians as regards women?: “But in
spite of his splendid achievements and his
great fame, he failed at first even to have
an audience with her.”
 Values Connection
2. The Filipina has also changed much. Ask
your elders what the Filipinas were like
before World War II. For example, girls your
age could not go out with boys without a
chaperone. Give other examples.
What do you think about modern changes?
 Values Connection
3. Brunhild imposed three tests on her
suitors. In ancient times, did Filipino suitors
submit to certain tests imposed by the father
of the girl?
 Values Connection
4. Who is the villain of the story? Gunther?
Hagen? Brunhild?
 Values Connection
5. In today’s generation, do you think men
should still prove themselves worthy to the
woman or to the parents of the woman they
pursue? Why or why not?
Formulating Claims
of Fact, Policy, and
Value
Claim of Fact
A claim of fact is an assertion of a condition
that exists, will exist, or has existed. It is
supported by verifiable facts or data such as
statistics or testimonies; hence, there is
potential for controversy, conflict, or
conversion.
Claim of Fact
Claims of fact must be specific as time,
place, people involved, and situation.

The following markers are used: generally,

usually, probably, as a rule.
Claim of Fact
Examples:
1. Signs and symptoms of a medical
emergency

As a rule, drooping of the face,

weakness of the arm, and difficulty of speech
signal a stroke.
Claim of Fact
Examples:
2. Analysis and interpretation of an
investigation
Generally, excessive use of gadgets has
caused a steady decline in the study of
children and teenagers.
Claim of Policy
A claim of policy is an assertion that specific
plans or courses of action should be instituted
as solutions to problems. It is often
procedural and/or organized.
Claim of Policy
At times, a series of questions in response to
a claim of fact is a claim of policy.

The following markers are used: should,

ought to, must, or use strong verbs.
Claim of Policy
Examples:
1. For individuals showing signals of stroke:
Claim 1: Call 911 right away when you observe signals
of a stroke.
Claim 2: Apply first aid treatment right away when you
observe signals of a stroke.
Claim 3: Bring the patient to the hospital right away
when you observe signals of a stroke.
Claim of Policy
Examples:
2. For excessive use of gadgets:

Claim 1: Ban gadgets in school.

Claim 2: Set a schedule for gadget use.
Claim 3: Do not allow children and teenagers to
use gadgets.
Claim of Value
A claim of value is an attempt to prove the
desirability or undesirability of something, or
if something is good, bad, or wrong. It
expresses approval or disapproval.
Claim of Value
Claims of value also involves taste
(preference) in art, literature, music, film,
food, etc.
The following markers are used: “It is
better…”, “It is unethical that…”, “It is
wrong to…”, “It is more beautiful than…”
Claim of Value
Example:
Argument: The world has sped up over the past
generation; technology has gotten more complicated and
ideas more complex. Hence, higher math like Algebra
should be introduced as early as grades 7 and 8.
However, children are experiencing plateau growth.
They are not in their optimal years of learning, thus the
growing number of failing students.
Claim of Value
Example:
Claim of Value: It is better to introduce higher math
like Algebra in Grade 10 instead.
Divide the class into six groups. Based on
their assignment (Exercise 10), allow
students to expound on Formulating Claims
of Fact, Policy, and Value.
B. Formulate a claim of fact, policy, and
value (either in favor or opposing) for the
topic. The government should impose a two-
child policy on its people. Write your answer
in your notebook.
Exercise 11, page 136.

Work with your group mates. Choose a topic

and formulate your claim of fact, claim of
policy, and claim of value on the topic. Be able
to report your output in class.
Exercise 11, page 136.

1. Medicine
2. Education
3. Politics
4. Same-Sex Marriage
a. Each group must come up with a one-page
summary of what they know about the topic
assigned to them based on their assignments
and on their readings.
Using Expressions that
Affirm or Negate
 Expressions that Affirm
An affirmation also called an affirmative or
positive statement, expresses the truth or
validity of an idea. These may also help you
intensify ideas to convince readers of the
strength of your claims.
 Expressions that Negate
Expressions that negate are words that convey
contradiction or opposition. These help in
rebutting or arguing against the claims of the
opposite side. These are used to express a
denial or falsity of an idea.
 Expressions that affirm or negate:
Affirming Negating
I cannot agree with you I’m sorry, but I disagree.
more. I’m afraid, I can’t agree
I totally agree with you. with you.
I feel the same way about I’m not sure about that!
that. The problem is that…
There is no doubt about I (very much) doubt
it/that. whether…
 Expressions that affirm or negate:
Affirming Negating
I am of the same mind. This is in complete
I completely/absolutely contradiction to…
agree with you. With all due respect,
I am of the same opinion. I am of a different opinion
That’s exactly what I think. because…
That’s how I see it.
What I object to is…
I have my own thoughts
about that.
Taking public transportation such as jeepneys,
buses, and trains is certainly better than driving a
car in terms of saving money.

Taking public transportation is not better than

driving a car, as it brings with it many
inconveniences such as longer travel time and
uncomfortable commutes.
Good governance will definitely make our country
great again.

I disagree about having good governance is what

our country needs, but what we need is well-
disciplined people.
I totally agree that using social media every day
can absolutely affect one’s self-esteem.

That’s not how I see it. Whether social media use

affects one’s self-esteem has yet to be proven.
Complete the sentences by choosing the
expression of Affirmation from the
choices given.
1. It was ______ an act of courage that
saved the lives of millions.

a. not at all
b. not
c. never
d. definitely
2. It is _____ if you finish your job on
time.
a. bad
b. positive
c. all right
d. rare
3. I will ______ help you.

a. definitely
b. never
c. not at all
d. not
4. He is _____ a great teacher.

a. not
b. truly
c. not at all
d. scarcely
5. After the lecture is over, I am ______
give the students an activity.

a. never
b. not
c. also
d. surely
Complete the sentences by choosing the
expression of negate from the choices
given.
1. My friend _______ has a bike, so we go
together.
a. doesn’t
b. certainly
c. no
d. also
2. If you don’t speak assertively, ____ one
will ever believe you.

a. every
b. some
c. no
d. never
3. He pledged to ________ disrespect his
elders.
a. never
b. ever
c. surely
d. nor
4. He _______ to take the medication.

a. accepted
b. refused
c. did not
d. could not
5. I _______ have a driving license.

a. sure
b. truly
c. don’t
d. rather not
Give your opinion about the given
topics. Use expressions to affirm or
negate.
4-day school week

Using of tablet/laptop
instead of textbooks
buying imported products

teenage relationships
 Employing
Critical Thinking
To be a critical reader, one must not only find
out what is being said but also why it is being
said.

The real test for a trained mind is the

ability to read intelligently and
critically. There is no shortcut; it
requires concentration and practice.
 Three Functions of Critical Reading

1. to understand
- Understanding means that you know
what the author says and that you can
repeat it in your own words.
 Three Functions of Critical Reading

2. to interpret
- Interpretation means that you can state
not only exactly what is said by the
author but what it means.
- You can able to find the inner meaning
of a passage (using your imagination
to the passage)
 Three Functions of Critical Reading

3. to judge
 Giving
Technical and
Operational
Definitions
Technical Definition
- Technical terms that have a particular
meaning in a specific field. (doing a
research)
- Since technical terms might bring some
difficulty to our readers, it is important to
provide technical definitions when we use
such terms in writing.
Technical Definition
Example: “sleep”
- In botany, the word also refers to the
“closing of leaves and petals, especially at
night.”
- Technical terms: “REM sleep” or “slow-
wave sleep”
Technical Definition
- Describes and explains the meaning of a
word or phrase based on the general
references and other field of study
sources.
Example:
Slay means to kill violently or in great
numbers.
Operational Definition
- It provides measurable criteria that specify
when data or observation qualifies.
Operational Definition
Example: “sleep deprivation” which means
not getting enough sleep
But in research work, a specific and
operational definition of “getting less than
eight hours of sleep” will be more useful in
making it clear when a subject qualifies as
sleep deprived.
Operational Definition
- States and explains the meaning of a word
or phrase based on the specific context. In
terms of research, the operational
definition explains or describes how the
term is applied and measured in the
study.
Operational Definition
Example:
Slay refers to a condition by which an
activity or performance is done in an
excellent manner.
Task 1. Match the terms in Column A to its appropriate
technical definition in Column B.
Column A Column B
a. a series of thoughts, images or emotions occurring
1. reflection during sleep
2. interest b. a table listing important events for successive years
3. terminal within a particular historical period
4. dream c. a feeling that accompanies or causes special attention
5. timeline to something or someone
6. solution d. a passenger station that is central to a considerable area
e. a set of values of the variables that satisfies an equation
f. a production of an image by or as if by a mirror
The following sentences used the given terms in Task 1.
In your own words, define the terms operationally
based on how they are used in the sentences.
Example: The contestants slay their
performance in the singing
competition.
Slay refers to a condition by which an
activity or performance is done in an
excellent manner.
1. Elena answers the questions given
in the reflection part of their learning
material.
2. Raphael aims to fulfill his dream of
becoming a successful engineer.
3. John has been diagnosed with
terminal illness.

4. Anne has a habit of checking her

Facebook timeline from time to time.