FACTS ABOUT DNA

GROUP 4 | Breakout Room 4

JAMERO, Maria Josefa Eleonore | ABOY, Mar Eduarjen |

SALVO, Julianna Axel Marie | VIRTUDAZO, John Lloyd |
ZAPORTIZA, Marah
What is DNA? What it is made of?
• deoxyribonucleic acid, organic chemical of complex molecular structure
that is found in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and in many viruses.
DNA codes genetic information for the transmission of inherited traits.

• DNA is made of chemical building blocks called nucleotides. These

building blocks are made of three parts: a phosphate group, a sugar group
and one of four types of nitrogen bases. To form a strand of DNA,
nucleotides are linked into chains, with the phosphate and sugar groups
alternating.
SOURCE: https://www.britannica.com/science/DNA
DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is a long molecule that
contains our unique genetic code.

• Your genome is made of a chemical called deoxyribonucleic acid, or

DNA for short.
• DNA contains four basic building blocks or
‘bases’: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T).
• The order, or sequence, of these bases form the instructions in the
genome.
• DNA is a two-stranded molecule.
• SOURCE:
DNA has a unique ‘double helix’ shape, like a twisted ladder.
https://www.yourgenome.org/facts/what-is-dna
 An illustration to show the
double helix structure of DNA.

SOURCE: https://www.yourgenome.org/facts/what-is-dna
What does DNA do?
• DNA contains the instructions needed for an organism to develop, survive and
reproduce. To carry out these functions, DNA sequences must be converted into
messages that can be used to produce proteins, which are the complex molecules
that do most of the work in our bodies.

Each DNA sequence that contains instructions to make a protein is known as a

gene. The size of a gene may vary greatly, ranging from about 1,000 bases to 1
million bases in humans. Genes only make up about 1 percent of the DNA
sequence. DNA sequences outside this 1 percent are involved in regulating when,
how and how much of a protein is made.
SOURCE: www.genome.gov/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Deoxyribonucleic-Acid-Fact-Sheet
Who discovered the structure of DNA?
• American biologist James Watson and English physicist Francis
Crick discovered DNA in the 1950s. In reality, this is not the
case. Rather, DNA was first identified in the late 1860s by Swiss
chemist Friedrich Miescher. Then, in the decades following
Miescher's discovery, other scientists--notably, Phoebus Levene
and Erwin Chargaff--carried out a series of research efforts that
revealed additional details about the DNA molecule, including its
primary chemical components.
SOURCE: http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/discovery-of-dna-structure-and-function-watson-
397
James Watson Francis Crick
Can you edit DNA?
• Genome editing (also called gene editing) is a group of
technologies that give scientists the ability to change an
organism's DNA. These technologies allow genetic material to
be added, removed, or altered at particular locations in the
genome. Several approaches to genome editing have been
developed on Set 18, 2020

SOURCE: https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/genomicresearch/genomeediting/
What is recombinant DNA?
• Recombinant DNA (rDNA) is a technology
that uses enzymes to cut and paste together
DNA sequences of interest. The recombined
DNA sequences can be placed into vehicles
called vectors that ferry the DNA into a
suitable host cell where it can be copied or
expressed.
SOURCE: https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Recombinant-DNA
 That’s all, Thank you!
GROUP 4 | Breakout Room 4

JAMERO, Maria Josefa Eleonore | ABOY, Mar Eduarjen | SALVO,

Julianna Axel Marie | VIRTUDAZO, John Lloyd | ZAPORTIZA, Marah