Dr. V.

Darling Selvi
Assistant Professor
Rani Anna Government
College for Women,
Tirunelveli
 Determines whether and to what degree a
relationship exists between two or more
variables
 The presence of a correlation does not
indicate a cause-effect relationship primarily
due to multiple
-1.00 0.00 +1.00

strong negative no relationshipstrong positive

 Measures the strength of the linear relationship
between one dependent and one independent
variable
◦ curvilinear relationships need other techniques
 Values lie between +1 and -1
◦ perfect positive correlation r = +1
◦ perfect negative correlation r = -1
◦ no linear relationship r = 0

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r = +1  r = -1

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r=0    r = 0.6
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y

x
y

x
y

x
y

x
 Click Analyze- Correlate- Bivariate

Move the two variables of interest to the right side (age & income), click OK

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Results appear and tell us that the relationship is weak to moderate
and results are not due to chance

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Interpreting correlation
 Variation in dependent variable due to:
 relationship with independent variable: r 2
 random factors: 1 - r2
 r2 is the Coefficient of Determination
 e.g. r = 0.661
 r2 = = 0.44
 less than half of the variation in the
dependent variable due to independent
variable

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