STAT111

Sampling Distribution, Single

Sample Test, &
Student t-test for Correlated
Groups
CHAPTER 10
TABLE OF CONTENTS

01 Sampling Distribution

t-test for
03 Correlated Group

02 Single Sample t-test

 SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION

The sampling distribution is the probability distribution of the

t-values that would occur if all possible different samples of a fixed
size N were drawn from the null-hypothesis population.
 Sampling distribution gives,

1 2
all the possible different the probability of getting each
values for samples of size N value if sampling is random
from the null-hypothesis
population
01

Single Sample
t-test
Also known as the one-
sample t-test

Two ways: z-test, t-tests

SINGLE SAMPLE t-TEST

z-test t-test
Used when the standard Used when the standard
deviation of the population is deviation of the population is
known unknown
In finding the critical value for t-test, we use degrees of freedom

DEGREES OF FREEDOM

degrees of freedom (df) for any statistic is the number of scores

that are free to vary in calculating that statistic.
Since obtained t value of 2.32 is greater
than the critical t value of 2.145, the null
hypothesis is rejected. Therefore, there is
a significant difference between the
given local average age of first word
utterance and the obtained mean age of
utterance.
 REPORTING THE OUTPUT:
STATISTICAL DECISION

Since obtained t value of is greater than the critical t value

of , the null hypothesis is rejected. Therefore, there is a
significant difference between variable a and variable b.
LET’S PRACTICE – SINGLE SAMPLE t-TEST

Since obtained t value of is

greater than the critical t value of
__, the null hypothesis is
rejected. Therefore, there is a
significant difference between
variable a and variable b.
02

t-test for
Correlated
Groups
Also known as paired t-test or
t-test for dependent samples
or dependent samples t-test or
within sample t-test
 ASSUMPTION OF t-TEST FOR CORRELATED GROUPS

DATA. IV is categorical (2 levels); DV is continuous

INDEPENDENCE. Each observation of the DV is dependent of the

observations of the DV (essentially we are using the same samples)

NORMALITY. DV should be approximately normally distributed for each

category of the independent variable

HOMOGENEITY OF VARIANCE. The variance should be the same for both

groups

Note: If assumptions are violated, choose non-parametric counterpart of t- Test for Correlated Groups.
This will be discussed in succeeding chapters
t-test for Correlated Groups
or
Since obtained t value of 5.08 is greater than
the critical t value of 2.262, the null
hypothesis is rejected. Therefore, electrical
stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus has a
significant effect on eating behavior.
 REPORTING THE OUTPUT:
STATISTICAL DECISION

Since obtained t value of is greater than the critical t value of

, the null hypothesis is rejected. Therefore, independent variable
(condition) has a significant effect on dependent variable.
LET’S PRACTICE – t-TEST for Correlated Samples
LET’S PRACTICE – t-TEST for Correlated Samples
STAT111
Sampling Distribution, Single
Sample Test, &
Student t-test for Correlated
Groups
CHAPTER 11 and 12
STAT111

LABORATORY TIME
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