RAY DIAGRAMMING

WITH CONVEX MIRROR

REVIE
W:
What should be the
location of the object in
front of a concave mirror
so that the image is
enlarged and enlarged?
 What type of mirror is
used by the dentist? Why?
THING TO
PONDER:
What about Convex Mirror?
What type of images it can
portray?
 What are its applications?
 LET’S WORK IT
OUT:

 Let’s describe/determine the

images formed by Convex
Mirrors through graphical
method -----

RAY
DIAGRAMMING
4 PRINCIPAL RAYS OF
CONVEX MIRRORS:
1. P-F Ray 2. F-P Ray

A ray of light parallel to the A ray of light directed towards

principal axis is reflected as if the focus, F is reflected
passing through the principal parallel to the principal axis.
focus, F.
4 PRINCIPAL RAYS OF
CONVEX MIRRORS:
3. C-C Ray 4. V Ray

A ray of light directed towards A ray of light directed to the

the center of curvature, C vertex reflects at equal angle
reflects back along its own from the principal axis.
path.
Convex Mirrors

Focus
Centre of Curvature
v
Object
• •
u F C
f

principal axis

Image:- Virtual, Erect & Diminished

WHAT TYPE OF IMAGES A
CONVEX MIRROR CAN PORTRAY?
• In all locations of objects, the image is
located between F and V, the orientation is
upright, the size is reduced and the type of
image is virtual.
WHAT ARE SOME APPLICATIONS
OF CONVEX MIRRORS?
• Most of the department stores use convex
mirrors because it gives a wider range of view.
 Can Ray Diagramming gives us the exact
numerical information about image
distance and object size?
- No!

 So how can we determine these?

- Mirror Equation & Magnification
Equation
THE MIRROR
EQUATION
- expresses the quantitative relationship between the
object distance (u, p, do), the image distance (v, q, di),
and the focal length (f). 1 1 1
= +
𝑓 𝑝 𝑞
THE MAGNIFICATION
EQUATION
- the ratio of the image height (hi) and object height (ho)
THE MIRROR &
MAGNIFICATION EQUATIONS
Mirror and Magnification equations can be combined to
yield information about the image distance and image
height if the object distance, object height, and focal
length are known.
SAMPLE
PROBLEMS:
Example 1:
A 4.00-cm tall light bulb is placed a distance of 45.7 cm
from a concave mirror having a focal length of 15.2 cm.
Determine the image distance and the image size.

Given:
ho = 4.0 cm do = 45.7 cm f = 15.2 cm
SAMPLE
PROBLEMS:
Unknown:
di = ??? hi = ???

Solution:
1/f = 1/do + 1/di
1/(15.2 cm) = 1/(45.7 cm) + 1/di
0.0658 cm = 0.0219 cm + 1/di
0.0439 cm = 1/di
22.8 cm = di
SAMPLE
PROBLEMS:
Solution: h /h = - d /d
i o i o
hi /(4.0 cm) = - (22.8 cm)/(45.7 cm)
hi/4.0cm= - 0.50cm
hi = - (4.0 cm) x (-0.50cm)
hi = 1.99 cm
SIGN CONVENTION FOR
MIRRORS
Quantity Positive (+) Negative (--)

Object location (u) Object is in front of Object is behind

the mirror the mirror
Image location (v) Image is front Image is behind of
mirror mirror
Focal length (f) Mirror is concave Mirror is convex

Magnification (M) Image is upright Image is inverted

 TO FIND THE FOCAL LENGTH OF A CONCAVE
MIRROR
Concave Crosswire
mirror

Lamp-box

Screen

v
Procedure
• Get the approx. focal length of mirror by focusing distant object on screen – why?
• Place the lamp-box well outside the approximate focal length – why?
• Move the screen until a clear inverted image of the crosswire is obtained.
• Measure the distance u from the crosswire to the mirror, using the metre stick.
• Measure the distance v from the screen to the mirror.
• Calculate the focal length of the mirror using - - - - - -
1 1 1
 
•
•
Repeat this procedure for different values of u. f u v
Calculate f each time and then find an average value.