UNIT 1 ATOMIC

STRUCTURE AND
PROPERTIES
 1.
Topic
Composition of Mixtures 4 2
Mixtures
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 Matter Classification
◉ If you follow this scheme, you can determine how to classify any type of matter.
◉ Homogeneous mixture
◉ Heterogeneous mixture
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◉ Element
◉ Compound

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 Matter Classification
◉ A substance has distinct properties and a composition that does not vary from
sample to sample
◉ The two types of substances are elements and compounds
◉ An element is a substance which can not be decomposed to simpler
substances
◉ A compound is a substance which can be decomposed to simpler substances
because it is made up of more than one element
■ Compounds have a definite composition. That means that the relative
number of atoms of each element in the compound is the same in any
sample
■ This is The Law of Constant Composition (or The Law of Definite
Proportions)

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 Matter Classification
◉ Mixtures exhibit the properties of the substances that make them
◉ Mixtures can vary in composition throughout a sample (heterogeneous) or can
have the same composition throughout the sample (homogeneous)
◉ A homogeneous mixture is also called a solution

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 © Raja, P. M. V., & Barron, A. R. (2021, March 21).

Elemental Analysis Introduction to Elemental Analysis.

◉ The purpose of elemental analysis is to determine the quantity of a particular

element within a molecule or material. Elemental analysis can be subdivided in
two ways:
◉ Qualitative: determining what elements are present or the presence of a
particular element
◉ Quantitative: determining how much of a particular or each element is
present
◉ Common result of elemental analysis is the Mass Percentage

Mass of substance
x 100
Total mass of mixture

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 © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

Combustion Analysis
◉ Compounds containing C, H, and O are routinely analyzed through combustion in a
chamber
◉ Mass of C is determined from the mass of CO2 produced
◉ Mass of H is determined from the mass of H2O produced
◉ Mass of O is determined by the difference of the mass of the compound used and
the total mass of C and H
■ Mass of O cannot be determined from the products due to O2 being added
during the combustion

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 © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

Combustion Analysis

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 Practice Problem 1
A student is given two 10 g samples, each a mixture of only NaCl(s) and
KCl(s) but in different proportions. Which of the following pieces of
information could be used to determine which mixture has the higher
proportion of KCl(s) ?

A. The volume of each mixture

B. The mass of Cl in each mixture
C. The number of isotopes of both Na and K
D. The reaction of each mixture with water

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 Practice Problem 1
A student is given two 10 g samples, each a mixture of only NaCl(s) and
KCl(s) but in different proportions. Which of the following pieces of
information could be used to determine which mixture has the higher
proportion of KCl(s) ?

A. The volume of each mixture

B. The mass of Cl in each mixture
C. The number of isotopes of both Na and K
D. The reaction of each mixture with water

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 Practice Problem 2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Total mass of Mass of C in Mass of Mg in Mass of Ca in Molar mass of Molar mass of Molar mass of
a sample (g) sample (g) sample (g) sample (g) C (g/mol) Mg (g/mol) Ca (g/mol)

98.5 12.0 2.4 36.1 12.0 24.3 40.1

A sample of carbonate rock is a mixture of CaCO3 and MgCO3 . The rock is

analyzed in a laboratory, and the results are recorded in the table above.
Which columns in the table provide all the information necessary to determine
the mole ratio of Ca to Mg in the rock?
A. 1, 2, 5
B. 2, 5, 6
C. 3, 4, 6, 7
D. 2, 3, 4, 5

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 Practice Problem 2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Total mass of Mass of C in Mass of Mg in Mass of Ca in Molar mass of Molar mass of Molar mass of
a sample (g) sample (g) sample (g) sample (g) C (g/mol) Mg (g/mol) Ca (g/mol)

98.5 12.0 2.4 36.1 12.0 24.3 40.1

A sample of carbonate rock is a mixture of CaCO3 and MgCO3 . The rock is

analyzed in a laboratory, and the results are recorded in the table above.
Which columns in the table provide all the information necessary to determine
the mole ratio of Ca to Mg in the rock?
A. 1, 2, 5
B. 2, 5, 6
C. 3, 4, 6, 7
D. 2, 3, 4, 5

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 Practice Problem 3
A 5.0 g sample of MgCl2 may contain measurable amounts of other
compounds as impurities. Which of the following quantities is (are) needed to
determine that the sample is pure MgCl2 ?

A. The color and density of the sample

B. The mass of Mg in the sample only
C. The number of moles of Cl in the sample only
D. The mass of Mg and the mass of Cl in the sample

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 Practice Problem 3
A 5.0 g sample of MgCl2 may contain measurable amounts of other
compounds as impurities. Which of the following quantities is (are) needed to
determine that the sample is pure MgCl2 ?

A. The color and density of the sample

B. The mass of Mg in the sample only
C. The number of moles of Cl in the sample only
D. The mass of Mg and the mass of Cl in the sample

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 AP Daily Videos Topic 1.4

https://youtu.be/Fh2zjEFrgBk

https://youtu.be/hifgg0489nc

https://youtu.be/uvR7zNJ1KoI

Review Videos

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