Africa’s

Africa’sClimate
ClimateRegions
Regions

By Kgothatso, Tuba, Hlale & Aman.

 What is Climate and Examples:
Climate refers to the long-term patterns of temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind, and
other atmospheric conditions in a particular region. In Africa, the climate varies greatly
due to its size and diverse geography. Here are some examples of different climates
found in Africa:
Humid Subtropical Climate: This type of climate is characterized by hot, humid summers
and mild winters. Precipitation is spread throughout the year, with no distinct dry
season. Humid subtropical climates are typically found on the eastern sides of
continents, between approximately 25 and 40 degrees latitude, where warm ocean
currents prevail.
Example: Eastern Coast of the United States, including cities like Atlanta, Georgia, and
parts of Florida.
Tropical Climate: Tropical climates are characterized by high temperatures throughout
the year and distinct wet and dry seasons. Generally, tropical regions are found near the
equator, where the sun is most directly overhead, resulting in consistent warmth. These
areas often experience heavy rainfall during the wet season.
Example in Africa: The Congo Basin in Central Africa experiences a tropical climate.
Countries like the Democratic Republic of Congo, Cameroon, and parts of Uganda fall
within this region. These areas have high temperatures year-round and experience heavy
rainfall, particularly during the wet season.
 Humid Sub-Tropical Climate:
The Humid Subtropical Climate in Africa is primarily found along the southeastern coast of
the continent, stretching from South Africa in the south to parts of Mozambique,
Madagascar, and Tanzania in the north. This region experiences distinct seasons and is
characterized by hot, humid summers and mild winters.
 Country:
All this data is shown using one specific City in the Humid Subtropical Climate and that
city is Mombasa Kenya. We choose this country as this is where our Father Mr. Cee is
from.
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As you can see that this Data matches with the Humid Subtropical Climate.
 Precipitation:
Precipitation is spread relatively evenly throughout the year, although there may be some
variation between wetter and drier months. Rainfall tends to be abundant, with annual
totals ranging from 800mm to 1500mm (31 inches to 59 inches). This region is not typically
subject to extreme droughts. In Mombasa, Kenya, the amount of rainfall can vary
depending on the time of year. Generally, Mombasa experiences two rainy seasons:
1.Long Rainy Season: This occurs from April to June. During this period, Mombasa
receives the heaviest rainfall, with the possibility of occasional heavy downpours. The
average rainfall during this season ranges from approximately 200mm to 300mm (8 inches
to 12 inches).
2.Short Rainy Season: This occurs from October to November. While not as intense as the
long rainy season, this period still brings significant rainfall to Mombasa. The average
rainfall during the short rainy season ranges from approximately 100mm to 200mm (4
inches to 8 inches).
Between these rainy seasons, Mombasa experiences drier conditions, particularly from
July to September and from December to March, although some rainfall is still possible
during these months. Overall, Mombasa's climate is characterized by a relatively high level
of precipitation, which contributes to its lush vegetation and humid conditions.
 Vegetation:
The humid subtropical climate supports diverse vegetation, including tropical rainforests,
lush forests, and savannas. The abundant rainfall and warm temperatures create ideal
conditions for the growth of a wide variety of plant species. Mombasa, Kenya, features
tropical savanna vegetation, characterized by scattered trees, shrubs, and grasslands.
Palm trees, acacias, and baobabs dot the landscape. The region's coastal location
influences its flora, with mangroves along the shoreline. Tropical fruits such as coconut
and mango thrive in the warm, humid climate.
 Seasonal Change:
In humid subtropical climates, seasonal changes are evident with distinct variations in
temperature and precipitation. Summers are typically hot and humid, with frequent
rainfall. Winters are milder with less precipitation. Transitional seasons experience
fluctuations in temperature and may have some rainfall. Overall, seasons are
characterized by changes in temperature and rainfall patterns.
In Mombasa, Kenya, the seasonal changes are marked by distinct wet and dry periods.
The wet season occurs from April to June and October to November, characterized by
frequent rainfall and occasional thunderstorms. The dry season spans from December to
March and July to September, with minimal rainfall and relatively lower humidity.
Temperature variations are modest throughout the year due to the city's equatorial
location.
Humid Subtropical Climate in Mombasa Kenya
 Tropical Continental Climate:
The tropical climate in Africa is characterized by consistently warm to hot temperatures
throughout the year. These regions typically experience two main seasons: the wet
season and the dry season. The wet season is marked by heavy rainfall and occurs
during the warmer months, while the dry season is characterized by minimal
precipitation and lower humidity. This climate fosters lush vegetation, including
tropical rainforests, savannas, and diverse wildlife habitats, contributing to the
continent's rich biodiversity and ecological significance.
 Country:
The Country that was chosen for The Tropical Climate is Dar es Salaam. This country was
chosen as it has the world’s most playful monkey called the Barbary macaques.
 Temperature:
In tropical climates, temperatures typically remain warm to hot throughout the year with
minimal variation. Average temperatures typically range between 25°C to 35°C (77°F to
95°F), although they can vary depending on the specific region and time of year.
Additionally, tropical climates often experience high humidity levels, which can make the
perceived temperature feel even hotter. These conditions are conducive to the growth of
lush vegetation and diverse ecosystems characteristic of tropical regions. Dar es Salaam,
located in Tanzania, experiences a tropical savanna climate. The temperatures in Dar es
Salaam are consistently warm throughout the year. On average, temperatures range from
around 25°C to 32°C (77°F to 90°F) during the day. However, it can sometimes get hotter,
especially during the peak of the dry season. At night, temperatures typically drop slightly,
but it remains relatively warm, usually ranging from 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F). Additionally,
Dar es Salaam experiences high humidity levels, particularly during the rainy season, which
typically occurs from March to May and November to December.
 Precipitation:
During the wet season, which typically occurs in the summer months, precipitation
levels can be quite high. Rainfall is often intense and frequent, contributing to the
growth of lush vegetation and supporting diverse ecosystems. The amount of rainfall
can vary greatly from one location to another, but it's not uncommon for tropical
continental regions to receive several hundred millimeters of rain during the wet season.
In contrast, the dry season, which usually occurs in the winter months, is characterized
by significantly reduced precipitation levels or even drought conditions. This season can
last for several months, during which rainfall may be sporadic or minimal. As a result,
vegetation may become dry and water sources may dwindle, impacting both natural
ecosystems and human populations. During the wet season, Dar es Salaam receives
significant precipitation, with heavy rainfall and occasional thunderstorms being
common. Rainfall amounts can vary, but on average, Dar es Salaam receives around
1,100 to 1,300 millimeters (43 to 51 inches) of rain annually. This rainfall is crucial for
sustaining the city's vegetation, agriculture, and water resources.
In contrast, the dry season, which typically occurs from June to October, is
characterized by minimal rainfall and lower humidity levels. During this time,
precipitation is scarce, and the weather tends to be sunny and dry, with occasional brief
showers.
 Vegetation:
Vegetation in tropical continental climates varies, but it often includes savannas,
grasslands, and some tropical forest types. These regions typically experience distinct
wet and dry seasons, influencing the composition and distribution of plant species.
Drought-resistant vegetation, such as acacias and grasses, are common in areas with
prolonged dry spells.
In Dar es Salaam, vegetation predominantly consists of coastal woodland, mangroves
along the coast, and scattered patches of savanna vegetation. Palm trees, coconut trees,
baobabs, and acacias are common, adapted to the region's tropical savanna climate with
distinct wet and dry seasons. Human development has also impacted the city's
vegetation.
 Seasonal Change In Tropical Climate:
In tropical climates, seasonal changes are often characterized by shifts between wet
and dry seasons. During the wet season, typically occurring in the summer months,
heavy rainfall is common, promoting lush vegetation growth. Conversely, the dry
season, typically in the winter months, sees reduced precipitation and sometimes
drought conditions. These seasonal variations impact agriculture, water resources, and
wildlife, influencing the rhythm of life for both human populations and ecosystems in
tropical regions. In Dar es Salaam, seasonal changes follow a pattern typical of tropical
climates. The city experiences distinct wet and dry seasons. The wet season usually
occurs from March to May and November to December, characterized by heavy rainfall
and occasional thunderstorms. Conversely, the dry season, from June to October,
brings minimal precipitation and lower humidity. These seasonal shifts impact
agriculture, water availability, and overall daily life in the city.
Tropical Continental Climate at Dar es Salaam in

Tanzania.
 Fun Facts:
1. South Africa Is Warming At Twice The Global Rate.
2. South Africa Emits the Highest Levels Of Carbon Emissions In Africa.
3. Diverse Rainforests: Africa is home to the second-largest tropical rainforest in the
world, the Congo Basin Rainforest, which spans several countries in Central Africa and
harbors an incredible diversity of plant and animal species.
4. Rift Valley Lakes: Africa's East African Rift System is home to a series of stunning
lakes, including Lake Tanganyika, Lake Malawi, and Lake Victoria. These lakes
influence the local climate and support unique ecosystems.
5. Mount Kilimanjaro: Africa's highest peak, Mount Kilimanjaro, is a snow-capped
mountain located near the equator. Its summit is often covered in snow despite its
proximity to the tropics.
6. Harmattan Winds: The Harmattan winds blow from the Sahara Desert across West
Africa, bringing dry, dusty air to the region during the winter months. These winds can
sometimes carry fine sand particles thousands of kilometers.
7. Namib Desert Fog: The Namib Desert in Namibia is known for its dense coastal fog,
which provides moisture to plants and animals adapted to this arid environment.
 References:
1. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports.
2. Google Earth.
3. World Meteorological Organization (WMO).
4. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
5. African Climate Policy Centre (ACPC).
6. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).
7. African Climate Change Atlas.
8. African Development Bank (AfDB).
9. African Union Commission.
10. NASA Earth Observatory.
11. World Bank.
12. African Climate and Development Initiative (ACDI).
13. African Journal of Ecology.
14. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology
Thank You For Listening to The Presentation
Hope this Presentation gives a Better
Understanding of Africa’s Climate.