French

Revolution
(1789-
1799)

Delacroix, E. (1830).Liberty leading people [oil

on canvas]. Louvre Museum.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons
/thumb/5/5d/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_Le_2
8_Juillet._La_Libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peupl
e.jpg/747px-Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_Le_28
_Juillet._La_Libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple.
jpg
 OVERVIEW: Why do we study this
01 topic?

02 Periods and causes

TABLE OF 03 The process

CONTENT 04 Activities
S
French revolution overview
Khan Academy. (2010, March 25). French Revolution (part 1)/ World
History/ Khan Academy [video file].
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BDWqwcTtZa0&ab_channel=Khan
Academy

Crash Course. (2012, August 10). The French Revolution: Crash Course
World History #29. [video file].
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lTTvKwCylFY
WHY DO WE STUDY THE FRENCH REVOLUTION?

● Causes the led to the end of the abolishment of the monarchy.

● Throughout history, economic and social inequalities have at
times led peoples to revolt against their governments.
● Some ideas of the Enlightenment were adapted at some stage of
the Revolution.
 Main Concepts
• Old Regime

• Estate

• Louis XVI

• Marie Antoinette

• Estates-General

• National Assembly

• Tennis Court Oath

• Great Fear
“It is the height of stupidity to claim that men
who for a thousand years have had the power to
berate us, to fleece us and to oppress us with
impunity, will now agree, with good grace, to
be our equals.”
Jean-Paul Marat
AZ Quotes. (n.d.). https://www.azquotes.com/quote/677745?ref=french-revolution

Boze, J. (1793). Portrait of Jean -Paul Marat [oil on canvas]. Musée Carnavalet.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Jean-Paul_Marat_-_portrait_peint_par_J
oseph_Boze.jpg/465px-Jean-Paul_Marat_-_portrait_peint_par_Joseph_Boze.jpg
 The concept

The French Revolution was a

movement and process with different
stages that change the social and
economic configuration of not only
France, but the entire European and
Western world. The outcomes of these
event had political, cultural and socio-
economic changes that survive and
influence our current society.

Houël, J.P. (1789). La prise de la Bastille [watercolor]. Bibliotheque natinale de France.

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Prise_de_la_Bastille.jpg/800px-Prise_de_la_Bastille.jpg
 Phases (periods) of the French Revolution based on the names given to the legislatures or
the executive powers

National Assembly (1789-1791)

Legislative Assembly (1791-1792) Legislatures

National Convention (1792-1795) – Terror (1793-1794)

For some
Directory (1795-1799) historians,
this is the
Executive end of the
powers Consulate (1799-1804) Revolution

Empire (1804- 1814/1815)

Student Handouts. French Revolution. [Power Point Slides]. Adapted from slideplayer.com/slide/5879963/
 French Revolution Timeline (based on the types
of government formed)
Monarchy Constitutional First Republic Napoleon’s Restoration
Monarchy Empire
Radicalism, Terror,
Directorate,
Consulate

1821
Napoleon dies
European Sacred
1791-1792 Alliance began.
- Constitution Monarchies restored
- Legislative Assembly 1799
- Foreign intervention - Napoleon´s Europe
- Kings guillotined
1815
1789-1791 Congress of Vienna
1792-1793
-Meeting of the Estates-General French defeat at Waterloo
- End of the Monarchy
- National Assembly Napoleon exiled to Santa Elena
- National Convention
- Tennis Court Oath
- First Republic is proclaimed
- Storming of the Bastille
- Massive guillotine use
- Great Fear
- Declaration of the Rights of
Man and Citizen Peña, C. (2014). French Revolution. [Power Point Slide]. Peru.
Adaptation.
Periods
according to the
levels of
violence
perceived

Mrs. Martin
AP European
 The Process
Did it start as a Revolution or it was the process that transform it?
How did each of the following contribute to the revolutionary mood in France?
Before 1789
1. The three Estates: 2. Enlightenment Ideas
Unequal structure of society divided France, which These ideas were influential in the Third Estate, but not
mark the dominance of the First (Clergy) and Second in the other two, because they wanted to maintain the
(nobles) state over the Third (the rest 97%) and created structure and their power.
resentment from this group.

3. Economic Crisis
France was involved in different wars that caused a
revenue crisis and a massive debt. It intensified based
on the social differences and the new task pressure
4. Weak leadership (King Louis XVI and Queen Mary
Antoinette of Austria)
Because of the context, the king raised taxes to the
Second Estate. However, this group did not want to
pay, and called for this to be decided in the Estates-
General.
Events that led to the uprising? During
● Meeting of the Estates-General (May 5, 1789)
○ The two privileged estates could always outvote the Third Estate, (based on a medieval
tradition). Because each group had one vote (regardless of the total number of members).
○ It ended when the Third Estate formed into a National Assembly.
○ This was the first moment there was an essence of Revolution
● Establishment of the National Assembly (June 17, 1789)
○ A Legislative force outside the Estates-General: transition from the General Estates to the
Constitutional National Assembly.
○ First deliberate action of Revolution, because the National Assembly proclaimed the end
of the absolute monarchy
1789

● Tennis Court Oath (June 20, 1789)

○ It was a pledge for a new Constitution. that showed the growing unrest against Louis XVI.
○ Louis stationed his mercenary army around Versailles to stopped the meeting.
○ Laid the foundation for later events, including: The Declaration of the Rights of Man.
● Storming of Bastille (July 14, 1789)
○ Louis XVI dismissed and banished his finance minister, Jacques Necker (who had been
sympathetic to the Third Estate).
○ It was a way for peasants and third estate member to gather or collect ammunition and weapons
to rise against the government.
○ It was the first concrete attack to the presence of the monarchy
THE OPENING OF THE ESTATES-GENERAL, VERSAILLES

Helman, I and C. Monet (1789) L'Ouverture des États Généraux à Versailles le 5 Mai 1789 [engraving]. Bibliotheque natinale de France.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Estatesgeneral.jpg/800px-Estatesgeneral.jpg
 THE TENNIS COURT OATH

David, J.L (1791). The Oath of the Tennis Court. (Painting). Retrieved from
https://jaschneider22com.wordpress.com/2016/02/28/french-revolution-and-the-paintings-of-david-1789
-1799/
TIMELINE 1789-1790 (beginnings of
May to July 1789: Outburst of the
Revolution
August 4, 1789: Writing of the Declaration of the
Rights of Man and citizen: Abolition of
Feudalism

August 26, 1789: Approval of the

Declaration by the National
Assembly
Rev.)

October 1789: Women’s protest for price of

bread. March to Versailles. (Monarchy must
moved to Paris)
June 19, 1790: National Assembly
abolished Feudalism

November 1790: Clergy subordinated to France

 1. What do these
characters represent
specifically? Why?
2. How do these characters
represent the social
Cartoon Analysis

structure of France?
3. How does this cartoon
highlight the economic
context previous to the
French Revolution?
❖ Do the same analysis for
the two cartoons in the
next slide

Wyche, J. (n.d.). Causes of The French Revolution [Cartoon]. Tes Teach.

https://www.tes.com/lessons/Vuj1To-3unctMw/french-revolution-political-cartoon-analysis
Exercise 1
 The Revolution Arrived

Which were its principles?

LIBERTY EQUALITY

FRATERNITE
 LIBERTY EQUALITY FRATERNITY
• A new type of • Equality of rights • The importance
government in and civil liberties of a
which the people
are sovereign • Equality before representative
• The importance the law and no assembly
of a written special privilege • The notion of
constitution self-
• Freedom to
accumulate determination
property
“The Great Fear”

● Independent revolutionary agitation in

the countryside
● Rumors of Royalist troops becoming
wandering vandals
● Fear breeds fear and peasants start
marching
● Within 3 weeks of July 14, the
countryside of France had been
completely changed
● Abolition of the Nobility

Lewellyn, J. and S. Thompson. (2019, September 23). Depiction of The Great

Fear [file image]. In The Great Fear [blog log]
https://alphahistory.com/frenchrevolution/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/greatfea
r.jpg
 THE DECLARATION OF RIGHTS OF MAN AND
Exercise 2: Source Analysis CITIZENS (1789)
“The representatives of the French people, organized as a National Assembly, believing that the
ignorance, neglect, or contempt of the rights of man are the sole cause of public calamities and of the
corruption of governments, have determined to set forth in a solemn declaration the natural,
unalienable, and sacred rights of man, in order that this declaration, being constantly before all the
members of the Social body, shall remind them continually of their rights and duties (…) Therefore the
National Assembly recognizes and proclaims, in the presence and under the auspices of the Supreme
Being, the following rights of man and of the citizen (…)”
The entire document of the exercise is in google classroom

1. Clarifying: Use the Internet or another source to find out more about the declaration. Who
wrote it? What American document was a model for the French declaration?
2. Drawing Conclusions: What provisions of the declaration forbid conditions that existed
under the Old Regime? Consider especially the tax system and the division of society.
3. Comparing: Read the English Bill of Rights and the U.S. Bill of Rights. Then make a chart
listing similarities to the French declaration. Share your chart with the class.
 1791: 1793-94:
1792:First
Constitutional Reign of
Republic
monarchy Terror
 How and why did the Reign of Terror appear?

1. Consolidation of the First Republic as the system of government

2. The recruitment of soldiers to continue the war among others reforms
like: the centralization of economy and nationalization of the Church.
3. The destruction of the monarchy, with the symbolic act of killing the king
(January 1793)
4. The division of politics inside the National Convention for the control of
the French Revolution: GIRONDINS vs JACOBINS vs ROYALISTS
5. Radicalization of the leadership and ideas of the French Revolution:
Appearance of Marat and Robespierre as leaders
 The famous division of left vs right in politics comes from the seating on the National Assembly.

LEFT:
RIGHT:
Revolutionary
Conservatives
(Republicans)
(pro-
monarchy)

Lumen learning. (n.d.). Seating in National assembly [image file]

https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/courses-images/wp-content/uploads/sites/2529/2017/10/04231152/media_34572_medium.jpeg
 BUBBLE THOUGHT
National Assembly
The unrecognized
legislative power that
separated from the
Estates General in 1789. It
lasted until 1791.
National Assembly,
Legislative Assembly and
National Convention are
completely different.
Legislative Assembly National Convention
The official legislative The government that ruled
branch of power in France. France from 1792 to 1795.
Appeared first in the It was the entire system,
Constitutional Monarchy not only a branch of
1791. power.
Robespierre’s Reign of Terror

Actions:
● Execution of 40,000 “Enemies of the Nation”
● The Committee of Public Safety
● Total War and use of fear to control the destiny
of the Revolution
Ideology: Control and Fear
● Stress on radical definition of equality
● Wanted a legal maximum on personal wealth
● Wanted a regulation of commercial profits
● Maximum price ceilings on certain goods
● Nationalization of Small Workshops
 Reflection questions?

● Why did the revolutionaries continue the war against

European powers?
● Why did European monarchies want to defeat the French
Revolution?
● Did the Reign of terror represent an opposition to the original
values of the Revolution?
● How did the Revolution inherit the concepts of the
Enlightenment?
 Legacies of the French Revolution

● Changed the stage of politics in the Western World

● Inspire the upcoming American Revolutions.
● Creation of the concept of “mass political protest”
● Transformation of the duality of politics: Right vs
Left
○ Liberty vs Equality
○ Communism vs Capitalism
○ Conservative vs Progressives
 The end of the Reign of Terror and the follow up

“In July 1794, fearing for their own safety, some members of the National Convention
turned on Robespierre. They demanded his arrest and execution. The Reign of Terror,
the radical phase of the French Revolution, ended on July 28, 1794, when Robespierre
went to the guillotine”. (McDougal 2012, p. 661).

The Directory (1794-1799)

Napoleon’s Rise to Power and the Napoleonic Code
The Napoleonic Wars
ASSIGNMENT

Answer the following question with the essay structure, you can
Mercuryfollow theplanet
is the closest structure
to of the arguments shown below. Remember
the Sun,that this answer
and Neptune is the must be with two arguments, introduction and
farthest one. Calculate the
distance between these two
conclusion.
planets Compare and contrast: Choose two of the following (Girondins,
Royalists and Jacobins) and explain the differences and similarities
between them, during the time of the Legislative Assembly and the
National Convention (1792-1794).
 THE TIME OF
REVOLUTION HAS
COME
 List of Sources

• Britannica Encyclopedia. (2002, July 11). National Convention.

https://www.britannica.com/topic/National-Convention
• Hafer, J. (2016). Why the French Revolution Was Not So Revolutionary: A Brief Overview. In The
Histories. Vol. 3 : Iss. 2 , Article 6 (pp. 1-7).
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/453b/925e8a073bb3de2a8a8c9eb82e8ac2d8afdb.pdf
• Martin, P. (n.d). French Revolution. AP European.
• McDougal, H. (2012). Chapter 23: The French Revolution and Napoleon, pp. . In World History: Patterns of
Interaction, (pp. 648-677). file:///F:/2020/SIR/BOOK/Chapters/9th%20grade/Chapter_22.pdf
• Peña, C. (2014). French Revolution. [Power Point Slide]. Peru. Adaptation.
• Student Handouts. French Revolution. [Power Point Slides]. Adapted from slideplayer.com/slide/5879963/
• UCL Art Museum. (n.d.). 26 Chronology of the French Revolution.
https://www.ucl.ac.uk/museums-static/obl4he/frenchrevolution/26_chronology_of_the_french_revolution.ht
ml
 THANKS!
This template was brought to you by
slidesgo.com.
The template does not include the ideas
(production of Mr. Ruiz)

CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo,

including icons by Flaticon, and infographics & images by
Freepik.
Please keep this slide for attribution.