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D-II Chap-1
D-II Chap-1
D-II Chap-1
► After all, the world population grew very little up until 1800
(when economic growth was low) and then ‘exploded’ but at the
same time the world kept getting richer on average.
► The first billion was reached in 1804, the second in 1927 (123
years later), the third in 1960 (33 years), the fourth in 1974 (14
years), the fifth in 1987 (13 years), the sixth in 1999 (12 years),
seventh in 2012(12 years) and Eighth 2022(10 years).
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☻ The reason for the sudden change in overall population trends is that for
almost all of recorded history, the rate of population change, whether up
or down, had been strongly influenced by the combined effects of
famine, disease, malnutrition, plague, and war—conditions that resulted
in high and fluctuating death rates.
18 ⁂ The second and less obvious reason for the hidden momentum of
population growth relates to the age structure of many developing
countries’ populations.
Figure below illustrates the great difference between age structures
in less developed and more developed countries by means of two
population pyramids for 2010.
Each pyramid rises by five-year age intervals for both males and
females, with the total number in each age cohort measured on the
horizontal axis.
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Theoretical arguments:
Population-poverty cycle theory & the need for
family planning;
Too rapid population growth yields negative
economic consequences and thus should be a real
concern for developing countries.
Advocates start from the basic proposition that
population growth intensifies economic, social,
and psychological problems.
WSU - By Deresse D. 04/15/24
Pessimists-----------
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Negative consequences of population growth on:
Economic growth
Poverty and Inequality
Education
Health
Food
Environment
International migration
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►Food issues: Feeding the world’s population is made more difficult by rapid
population growth
►Impact on the environment: Environmental degradation occurs in the form
of:
-deforestation,
-fuel wood depletion,
-soil erosion,
-declining fish and animal stocks,
-inadequate and unsafe water,
-air pollution, and urban congestion Frictions
►Impact on international migration:
-an excess of job seekers (caused by rapid population growth) over job
opportunities is surely contributes to illegal international migration.
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